Lack of Suppression of the Short-Latency Vestibulocollic Reflex during Active Head Movements in Cats

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fukushima ◽  
K. Takahashi ◽  
J. Fukushima ◽  
M. Kato
Keyword(s):  
Short Latency ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Vestibulocollic Reflex

scholarly journals Vestibular short-latency evoked potential abolished by low-frequency noise exposure in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Stewart ◽  
Ariane C. Kanicki ◽  
Richard A. Altschuler ◽  
W. M. King
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Otolith Organs ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Low Frequency Noise ◽  
Physiological Basis

The vestibular system plays a critical role in detection of head movements and is essential for normal postural control. Because of their anatomical proximity to the cochlea, the otolith organs are selectively exposed to sound pressure and are at risk for noise overstimulation. Clinical reports suggest a link between noise exposure and balance problems, but the structural and physiological basis for this linkage is not well understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of low-frequency noise (LFN) on the otolith organs by correlating changes in vestibular short-latency evoked potentials (VsEPs) with changes in saccular afferent endings following noise exposure. LFN exposure transiently abolished the VsEP and reduced the number of stained calyces within the sacculus. Although some recovery of the VsEP waveform could be observed within 3 days after noise, at 3 wk recovery was only partial in most animals, consistent with a reduced number of afferents with calyceal endings. These data show that a single intense noise exposure is capable of causing a vestibular deficit that appears to mirror the synaptic deficit associated with hidden hearing loss after noise-induced cochlear injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to explore the effects of low-frequency high-intensity noise on vestibular short-latency evoked potential (VsEP) responses, which shows a linkage between attenuated noise-induced VsEPs and pathological changes to otolith organ afferents. This finding suggests a potential limitation of the VsEP for evaluation of vestibular dysfunction, since the VsEP measurement may assess the activity of a specific class rather than all afferents.

scholarly journals Vestibulo-perceptual influences upon the vestibulo-spinal reflex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela N. Bonsu ◽  
Sofia Nousi ◽  
Rhannon Lobo ◽  
Paul H. Strutton ◽  
Qadeer Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Order ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Spinal Reflex ◽  
Roll Motion ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Amplitude Control ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Reduce Activity

AbstractThe vestibular system facilitates gaze and postural stability via the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and vestibulo-spinal reflexes, respectively. Cortical and perceptual mechanisms can modulate long-duration VOR responses, but little is known about whether high-order neural phenomena can modulate short-latency vestibulo-spinal responses. Here, we investigate this by assessing click-evoked cervical vestibular myogenic-evoked potentials (VEMPS) during visual roll motion that elicited an illusionary sensation of self-motion (i.e. vection). We observed that during vection, the amplitude of the VEMPs was enhanced when compared to baseline measures. This modulation in VEMP amplitude was positively correlated with the subjective reports of vection strength. That is, those subjects reporting greater subjective vection scores exhibited a greater increase in VEMP amplitude. Control experiments showed that simple arousal (cold-induced discomfort) also increased VEMP amplitude but that, unlike vection, it did not modulate VEMP amplitude linearly. In agreement, small-field visual roll motion that did not induce vection failed to increase VEMP amplitude. Taken together, our results demonstrate that vection can modify the response of vestibulo-collic reflexes. Even short-latency brainstem vestibulo-spinal reflexes are influenced by high-order mechanisms, illustrating the functional importance of perceptual mechanisms in human postural control. As VEMPs are inhibitory responses, we argue that the findings may represent a mechanism whereby high-order CNS mechanisms reduce activity levels in vestibulo-collic reflexes, necessary for instance when voluntary head movements need to be performed.

scholarly journals Difference in context-dependency between orienting and defense-like responses induced by the superior colliculus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Isa ◽  
Thongchai Sooksawate ◽  
Kenta Kobayashi ◽  
Kazuto Kobayashi ◽  
Peter Redgrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractPrevious electrical stimulation and lesion experiments have suggested that the crossed descending output pathway from the deeper layers (SCd) of superior colliculus (SC) controls orienting responses, while the uncrossed pathway mediates defense-like behavior. Here we extended these investigations by using selective optogenetic activation of each pathway in mice with channelrhodopsin 2 expression by double viral vector techniques. Brief photo-stimulation of the crossed pathway evoked short latency contraversive orienting-like head turns, while extended stimulation induced contraversive circling responses. In contrast, stimulation of uncrossed pathway induced short-latency upward head movements followed by longer-latency defense-like behaviors including retreat and flight. The novel discovery was that the evoked defense-like responses varied depending on the environment, suggesting that uncrossed output can be influenced by top-down modification of the SC or its downstream. This further suggests that the SCd-defense system can be profoundly modulated by non-motor, affective and cognitive components, in addition to direct sensory inputs.

Role of pinnae and head movements in localizing pure tones 1The authors would like to thank Mr. Remi Humbert for implementing the experiment in Turbo Pascal and for his further assistance.

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara S. Muller ◽  
Pierre Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Posterior Quadrant ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
Pure Tones

Twelve blindfolded subjects localized two different pure tones, randomly played by eight sound sources in the horizontal plane. Either subjects could get information supplied by their pinnae (external ear) and their head movements or not. We found that pinnae, as well as head movements, had a marked influence on auditory localization performance with this type of sound. Effects of pinnae and head movements seemed to be additive; the absence of one or the other factor provoked the same loss of localization accuracy and even much the same error pattern. Head movement analysis showed that subjects turn their face towards the emitting sound source, except for sources exactly in the front or exactly in the rear, which are identified by turning the head to both sides. The head movement amplitude increased smoothly as the sound source moved from the anterior to the posterior quadrant.

Comparison of Quantified Ipsilateral and Contralateral Head Movements in Patients with Frontal and Temporal Lobe Epilepsies

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Wagner ◽  
J Cunha ◽  
C Mauerer ◽  
C Vollmar ◽  
B Feddersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Head Movements

Carotid Artery Dynamics During Head Movements: A Reason for Concern With Regard to Carotid Stenting?

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Floris Vos ◽  
Matteus A. M. Linsen ◽  
J. Tim Marcus ◽  
Jos C. van den Berg ◽  
Jan Albert Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Stenting ◽  
Head Movements
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document