Naloxone Reduces Alcohol Intake in a Free-Choice Procedure Even when Both Drinking Bottles Contain Saccharin Sodium or Quinine Substances

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Witte
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Choice Procedure ◽  
Saccharin Sodium

scholarly journals Acamprosate-responsive brain sites for suppression of ethanol intake and preference

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. R1032-R1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Brager ◽  
Rebecca A. Prosser ◽  
J. David Glass
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Clock Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Circadian Clock Gene ◽  
Recovering Alcoholics ◽  
Brain Reward

Acamprosate suppresses alcohol intake and craving in recovering alcoholics; however, the central sites of its action are unclear. To approach this question, brain regions responsive to acamprosate were mapped using acamprosate microimplants targeted to brain reward and circadian areas implicated in alcohol dependence. mPer2 mutant mice with nonfunctional mPer2, a circadian clock gene that gates endogenous timekeeping, were included, owing to their high levels of ethanol intake and preference. Male wild-type (WT) and mPer2 mutant mice received free-choice (15%) ethanol/water for 3 wk. The ethanol was withdrawn for 3 wk and then reintroduced to facilitate relapse. Four days before ethanol reintroduction, mice received bilateral blank or acamprosate-containing microimplants releasing ∼50 ng/day into reward [ventral tegmental (VTA), peduculopontine tegmentum (PPT), and nucleus accumbens (NA)] and circadian [intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)] areas. The hippocampus was also targeted. Circadian locomotor activity was measured throughout. Ethanol intake and preference were greater in mPer2 mutants than in wild-type (WT) mice (27 g·kg−1·day−1 vs. 13 g·kg−1·day−1 and 70% vs. 50%, respectively; both, P < 0.05). In WTs, acamprosate in all areas, except hippocampus, suppressed ethanol intake and preference (by 40–60%) during ethanol reintroduction. In mPer2 mutants, acamprosate in the VTA, PPT, and SCN suppressed ethanol intake and preference by 20–30%. These data are evidence that acamprosate's suppression of ethanol intake and preference are manifest through actions within major reward and circadian sites.

A novel method for self-administering addicting drugs intracerebroventricularly in a free-choice procedure

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Braida ◽  
Walter Virag ◽  
Francesco Ottonello ◽  
Salvatore Inghilterra ◽  
Enzo Gori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Choice Procedure ◽  
Novel Method

Oral opiate intake in a free-choice procedure in the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
M. Sala ◽  
D. Braida ◽  
M.P. Leone ◽  
P. Calcaterra ◽  
E. Gori
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Choice Procedure

scholarly journals Unequal interactions between alcohol and nicotine co-consumption: Suppression and enhancement of concurrent drug intake

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot C DeBaker ◽  
Janna K Moen ◽  
Jenna M Robinson ◽  
Kevin Wickman ◽  
Anna M Lee
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Choice Procedure ◽  
Nicotine Abstinence ◽  
Nicotine Consumption ◽  
Use Factors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRationaleAlcohol and nicotine addiction are prevalent conditions that co-occur. Despite the prevalence of co-use, factors that influence the suppression and enhancement of concurrent alcohol and nicotine intake are largely unknown.ObjectivesOur goals were to assess how nicotine abstinence and availability influenced concurrent alcohol consumption, and to determine the impact of quinine adulteration of alcohol on aversion resistant alcohol consumption and concurrent nicotine consumption.MethodsMale and female C57BL/6J mice voluntarily consumed unsweetened alcohol, nicotine and water in a chronic 3-bottle choice procedure. In Experiment 1, nicotine access was removed for 1 week and re-introduced the following week, while the alcohol and water bottles remained available at all times. In Experiment 2, quinine (100-1000 μM) was added to the 20% alcohol bottle, while the nicotine and water bottles remained unaltered.ResultsIn Experiment 1, we found that alcohol consumption and preference were unaffected by the presence or absence of nicotine access in both male and female mice. In Experiment 2a, we found that quinine temporarily suppressed alcohol intake and enhanced concurrent nicotine, but not water, preference in both male and female mice. In Experiment 2b, chronic quinine suppression of alcohol intake increased nicotine consumption and preference in female mice without affecting water preference, whereas it increased water and nicotine preference in male mice.ConclusionsQuinine suppression of alcohol consumption enhanced the preference for concurrent nicotine preference in male and female mice, suggesting that mice compensate for the quinine adulteration of alcohol by increasing their nicotine preference.

Underlying Structure of Auditory-Visual Consonant Perception by Hearing-Impaired Children and the Influences of Syllabic Compression

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Busby ◽  
Y. C. Tong ◽  
G. M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Acoustic Parameter ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Choice Procedure ◽  
Release Times ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

The identification of consonants in a/-C-/a/nonsense syllables, using a fourteen-alternative forced-choice procedure, was examined in 4 profoundly hearing-impaired children under five conditions: audition alone using hearing aids in free-field (A),vision alone (V), auditory-visual using hearing aids in free-field (AV1), auditory-visual with linear amplification (AV2), and auditory-visual with syllabic compression (AV3). In the AV2 and AV3 conditions, acoustic signals were binaurally presented by magnetic or acoustic coupling to the subjects' hearing aids. The syllabic compressor had a compression ratio of 10:1, and attack and release times were 1.2 ms and 60 ms. The confusion matrices were subjected to two analysis methods: hierarchical clustering and information transmission analysis using articulatory features. The same general conclusions were drawn on the basis of results obtained from either analysis method. The results indicated better performance in the V condition than in the A condition. In the three AV conditions, the subjects predominately combined the acoustic parameter of voicing with the visual signal. No consistent differences were recorded across the three AV conditions. Syllabic compression did not, therefore, appear to have a significant influence on AV perception for these children. A high degree of subject variability was recorded for the A and three AV conditions, but not for the V condition.

Prime Proportion Affects Masked Priming of Fixed and Free-Choice Responses

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen E. Bodner ◽  
Rehman Mulji
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Previous Trial ◽  
Target Response ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Sequential Trial

Left/right “fixed” responses to arrow targets are influenced by whether a masked arrow prime is congruent or incongruent with the required target response. Left/right “free-choice” responses on trials with ambiguous targets that are mixed among fixed trials are also influenced by masked arrow primes. We show that the magnitude of masked priming of both fixed and free-choice responses is greater when the proportion of fixed trials with congruent primes is .8 rather than .2. Unconscious manipulation of context can thus influence both fixed and free choices. Sequential trial analyses revealed that these effects of the overall prime context on fixed and free-choice priming can be modulated by the local context (i.e., the nature of the previous trial). Our results support accounts of masked priming that posit a memory-recruitment, activation, or decision process that is sensitive to aspects of both the local and global context.

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