Adaptive Changes of Vertical Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Induced by Tenectomy of Vertical Recti Muscles and Neuronal Behavior Related to Vertical Eye Movement in the Region of the Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal in Alert Cats

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fukushima ◽  
J. Fukushima ◽  
T. Ohashi ◽  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
M. Kase
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Interstitial Nucleus Of Cajal ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Alert Cats

Simultaneous opposing adaptive changes in cat vestibulo-ocular reflex direction for two body orientations

1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Baker ◽  
S.I. Perlmutter ◽  
B.W. Peterson ◽  
S.A. Rude ◽  
F.R. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

Potential Mechanisms of Plastic Adaptive Changes in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex

1996 ◽  
Vol 781 (1 Lipids and Sy) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. PETERSON ◽  
G. A. KINNEY ◽  
K. J. QUINN ◽  
N. T. SLATER
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

Static Ocular Counterroll Is Implemented Through the 3-D Neural Integrator

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 2777-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Douglas Crawford ◽  
Douglas B. Tweed ◽  
Tutis Vilis
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Position ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Neural Integrator ◽  
Interstitial Nucleus Of Cajal ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Ocular Counterroll ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Input Model ◽  
Head Roll ◽  
Static Head

Static head roll about the naso-occipital axis is known to produce an opposite ocular counterroll with a gain of approximately 10%, but the purpose and neural mechanism of this response remain obscure. In theory counterroll could be maintained either by direct tonic vestibular inputs to motoneurons, or by a neurally integrated pulse, as observed in the saccade generator and vestibulo-ocular reflex. When simulated together with ocular drift related to torsional integrator failure, the direct tonic input model predicted that the pattern of drift would shift torsionally as in ordinary counterroll, but the integrated pulse model predicted that the equilibrium position of torsional drift would be unaffected by head roll. This was tested experimentally by measuring ocular counterroll in 2 monkeys after injection of muscimol into the mesencephalic interstitial nucleus of Cajal. Whereas 90° head roll produced a mean ocular counterroll of 8.5° (±0.7° SE) in control experiments, the torsional equilibrium position observed during integrator failure failed to counterroll, showing a torsional shift of only 0.3° (±0.6° SE). This result contradicted the direct tonic input model, but was consistent with models that implement counterroll by a neurally integrated pulse.

Effects of Infrasound on Involuntary Eye Movement during Fixation

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takigawa ◽  
Fukiko Kawade ◽  
Hiroshi Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Octave Band ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Healthy Males

This study was undertaken in order to clarify the effects of infrasound on vestibular functions by comparing observations of eye movement under exposure to infrasound and audible noise. Twenty-five healthy males were exposed to a wide octave-band noise, (approx. 125 Hz to 4kHz) or to 16 Hz or 5 Hz at 95 dB for 3 minutes. Their involuntary eye movement with the eyes visually fixed in the horizontal direction was measured before and during exposure with their eyes open and closed. The extent of eye movement before the exposure was significantly greater with eyes closed than with eyes open. This difference was intensified by 5-Hz exposure, but exposure to the noise of 16-Hz infrasound had no effect. The power percentage in the low frequency-band, determined by spectral analysis of the eye movement, was significantly greater with eyes closed than with eyes open before the exposure. This increase in the power percentage in the low frequency-band was reinforced by the 16- and 5-Hz exposures, while no effect was observed upon exposure to the noise. These results suggest that the potential of the vestibulo-ocular reflex was increased upon exposure to infrasound, regardless of whether or not the subjects perceived any sensation.

scholarly journals Binocular 3D otolith-ocular reflexes: responses of normal chinchillas to tilt and translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin N. Hageman ◽  
Margaret R. Chow ◽  
Dale Roberts ◽  
Charles C. Della Santina
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

Head rotation, translation, and tilt with respect to a gravitational field elicit reflexive eye movements that partially stabilize images of Earth-fixed objects on the retinas of humans and other vertebrates. Compared with the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex, responses to translation and tilt, collectively called the otolith-ocular reflex (OOR), are less completely characterized, typically smaller, generally disconjugate (different for the 2 eyes) and more complicated in their relationship to the natural stimuli that elicit them. We measured binocular 3-dimensional OOR responses of 6 alert normal chinchillas in darkness during whole body tilts around 16 Earth-horizontal axes and translations along 21 axes in horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes. Ocular countertilt responses to 40-s whole body tilts about Earth-horizontal axes grew linearly with head tilt amplitude, but responses were disconjugate, with each eye’s response greatest for whole body tilts about axes near the other eye’s resting line of sight. OOR response magnitude during 1-Hz sinusoidal whole body translations along Earth-horizontal axes also grew with stimulus amplitude. Translational OOR responses were similarly disconjugate, with each eye’s response greatest for whole body translations along its resting line of sight. Responses to Earth-horizontal translation were similar to those that would be expected for tilts that would cause a similar peak deviation of the gravitoinertial acceleration (GIA) vector with respect to the head, consistent with the “perceived tilt” model of the OOR. However, that model poorly fit responses to translations along non-Earth-horizontal axes and was insufficient to explain why responses are larger for the eye toward which the GIA vector deviates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY As the first in a pair of papers on Binocular 3D Otolith-Ocular Reflexes, this paper characterizes binocular 3D eye movements in normal chinchillas during tilts and translations. The eye movement responses were used to create a data set to fully define the normal otolith-ocular reflexes in chinchillas. This data set provides the foundation to use otolith-ocular reflexes to back-project direction and magnitude of eye movement to predict tilt axis as discussed in the companion paper.

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