The Influence of Reduced Pao2 during Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Acidosis on Cerebral Oxygen Supply and Cerebral Metabolism

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grote ◽  
H. Kreuscher ◽  
P. Vaupel ◽  
H. Günther
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen

Influence of endogenous norepinephrine on cerebral blood flow and metabolism

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
ET MacKenzie ◽  
J McCulloch ◽  
AM Harper
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Brain Norepinephrine ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen Consumption

The influence of brain norepinephrine on cerebral metabolism and blood flow was examined because exogenous norepinephrine, administered in a way that the blood-brain barrier is bypassed, has been shown to effect pronounced changes in the cerebral circulation. Reserpine (40 mug/kg, by intracarotid infusion) was administered in order to release brain norepinephrine in five anesthetized baboons. Reserpine significantly increased cerebral oxygen consumption (23%) and cerebral blood flow (50%). This response lasted for approximately 60 min. In a further five animals, effects of central beta-adrenoreceptor blockade were studied. Pro pranolol (12 mug/kg-min) produced an immediate, significant reduction in both cerebral oxygen consumption (40%) and cerebral glucose uptake (39%). Cerebral blood flow was reduced minimally. However, the responsiveness of the cerebral circulation to induced hypercapnia was severely attenuated from a gradient of 3.22 before, to 1,11 after, administration. These experiments suggest that central norepinephrine can influence the cerebral circulation primarily through noradrenergic effects on brain metabolism.

Abstract TMP57: Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism as a Biomarker to Stratify Stroke Risk in Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria L Ford ◽  
Kristin P Guilliams ◽  
Melanie E Fields ◽  
Dustin K Ragan ◽  
Cihat Eldeniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Imminent Risk ◽  
Hemispheric Infarct

Background: While imaging biomarkers guide stroke prevention strategies in children with sickle cell (SC) disease, none have been adequately studied in adults. High oxygen extraction (OEF) predicts stroke in non-SC adults with carotid occlusion, while low oxygen metabolism (CMRO 2 ) predicts tissue at imminent risk in acute ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that metrics of cerebral metabolism: (1) differ between SC adults with and without stroke and (2) correlate with infarct burden. Methods: A prospective MRI study enrolled 37 adults (28 ± 8 yr) from SC clinic into 4 groups: (1) 9 age/race matched healthy controls, (2) 6 SC adults without infarcts, (3) 15 SC adults with infarcts (infarct volume 7.4 ± 17.5 ml), and (4) 7 SC adults on chronic transfusions (Tx) (infarct volume 3.6 ± 6.6 ml). Arterial spin labelling and asymmetric spin echo measured voxel-wise cerebral blood flow (CBF) and OEF. CMRO 2 = CBF x OEF x blood oxygen content. Infarcts were delineated on FLAIR. OEF, CBF, and CMRO 2 (excluding infarcted tissue) were compared: between groups 1-3 (Kruskal-Wallis) and in group 4 between pre- and post-tx scans (Signed Rank). An ROI defined by high OEF within the deep white matter (a region at high stroke risk in SC) was applied to group 3. OEF, CBF, and CMRO 2 within the ROI were correlated with hemispheric infarct volume (IV) (Spearman’s ρ ). Results: Whole brain OEF showed a stepwise increase from controls, to SC adults without stroke, to SC adults with stroke (P<.001). SC adults on chronic Tx had intermediate OEF, with lowering of OEF post-Tx (Fig A). CBF and CMRO 2 were similar for SC adults with and without stroke (Fig B, C). High OEF and low CBF/CMRO 2 in the ROI correlated with hemispheric infarct burden: IV vs. OEF ( ρ =.40, P=.043); IV vs. CBF ( ρ =-.61, P=.002); and IV vs. CMRO 2 ( ρ =-.50, P=.016). Conclusion: Global OEF holds promise to stratify stroke risk in SC disease. Regional metrics of cerebral oxygen metabolism may indicate tissue-specific metabolic stress at imminent risk of infarction.

scholarly journals The Management of Infants for Cardiac Surgery under Deep Hypothermia

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. K. Brown ◽  
C. P. Clarke ◽  
E. A. Shanahan ◽  
B. D. McKie ◽  
H. M. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Deep Hypothermia ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
One Year

Deep hypothermia is now employed for open heart surgery in infants. The method of surface cooling infants to 25° C and then by-pass cooling down to 15–20° C prior to exsanguination is described. This provides a still heart and ideal operating conditions. The infants are re-warmed on by-pass. Some of the physiological effects of hypothermia and the methods employed to counteract these are discussed. The aims are to reduce temperature gradients, improve cerebral oxygen supply, avoid arrhythmias and secure haemostasis. The experience in 33 operations is outlined. Seventeen patients were under one year of age.

scholarly journals Glucose and Oxygen Metabolism after Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Gajavelli ◽  
Shimoda Kentaro ◽  
Julio Diaz ◽  
Shoji Yokobori ◽  
Markus Spurlock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Ischemic Penumbra ◽  
Primary Injury ◽  
Time Point

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in all age groups. Among TBI, penetrating traumatic brain injuries (PTBI) have the worst prognosis and represent the leading cause of TBI-related morbidity and death. However, there are no specific drugs/interventions due to unclear pathophysiology. To gain insights we looked at cerebral metabolism in a PTBI rat model: penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI). Early after injury, regional cerebral oxygen tension and consumption significantly decreased in the ipsilateral cortex in the PBBI group compared with the control group. At the same time point, glucose uptake was significantly reduced globally in the PBBI group compared with the control group. Examination of Fluorojade B-stained brain sections at 24 hours after PBBI revealed an incomplete overlap of metabolic impairment and neurodegeneration. As expected, the injury core had the most severe metabolic impairment and highest neurodegeneration. However, in the peri-lesional area, despite similar metabolic impairment, there was lesser neurodegeneration. Given our findings, the data suggest the presence of two distinct zones of primary injury, of which only one recovers. We anticipate the peri-lesional area encompassing the PBBI ischemic penumbra, could be salvaged by acute therapies.

scholarly journals Effects of rapamycin on cerebral oxygen supply and consumption during reperfusion after cerebral ischemia

Neuroscience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.Z. Chi ◽  
S. Barsoum ◽  
N.M. Vega-Cotto ◽  
E. Jacinto ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen
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