Instrumental Learning in Toads (Bufo arenarum):Reinforcer Magnitude and the Medial Pallium

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio R. Papini ◽  
Rubén N. Muzio ◽  
Enrique T. Segura
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Reinforcer Magnitude ◽  
Bufo Arenarum

Appetitive instrumental learning in the amphibian Bufo arenarum

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben N. Muzio ◽  
Enrique T. Segura ◽  
Mauricio R. Papini
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Bufo Arenarum

Effects of lesions in the medial pallium on instrumental learning in the toad (Bufo arenarum)

1993 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén N. Muzio ◽  
Enrique T. Segura ◽  
Mauricio R. Papini
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Bufo Arenarum ◽  
Toad Bufo

Effect of schedule and magnitude of reinforcement on instrumental learning in the toad, Bufo arenarum

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén N Muzio ◽  
Enrique T Segura ◽  
Mauricio R Papini
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Bufo Arenarum ◽  
Toad Bufo

scholarly journals Systematic Review: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Instrumental Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. An-Katrien Hulsbosch ◽  
Dr. Hasse De Meyer ◽  
Prof. Dr. Tom Beckers ◽  
Prof. Dr. Marina Danckaerts ◽  
Dr. Dagmar Van Liefferinge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Effect of guaianolides in the meiosis reinitiation of amphibian oocytes

Zygote ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zapata-Martínez ◽  
G. Sánchez-Toranzo ◽  
F. Chaín ◽  
C.A.N. Catalán ◽  
M.I. Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Bufo Arenarum ◽  
Asteraceae Family

SummarySesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are a large and structurally diverse group of plant metabolites generally found in the Asteraceae family. STLs exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities and it is generally accepted that their major mechanism of action is the alkylation of the thiol groups of biological molecules. The guaianolides is one of various groups of STLs. Anti-tumour and anti-migraine effects, an allergenic agent, an inhibitor of smooth muscle cells and of meristematic cell proliferation are only a few of the most commonly reported activities of STLs. In amphibians, fully grown ovarian oocytes are arrested at the beginning of meiosis I. Under stimulus with progesterone, this meiotic arrest is released and meiosis progresses to metaphase II, a process known as oocyte maturation. There are previous records of the inhibitory effect of dehydroleucodin (DhL), a guaianolide lactone, on the progression of meiosis. It has been also shown that DhL and its 11,13-dihydroderivative (2H-DhL; a mixture of epimers at C-11) act as blockers of the resumption of meiosis in fully grown ovarian oocytes from the amphibian Rhinella arenarum (formerly classified as Bufo arenarum). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of four closely related guaianolides, i.e., DhL, achillin, desacetoxymatricarin and estafietin as possible inhibitors of meiosis in oocytes of amphibians in vitro and discuss some structure–activity relationships. It was found that the inhibitory effect on meiosis resumption is greater when the lactone has two potentially reactive centres, either a α,β–α′,β′-diunsaturated cyclopentanone moiety or an epoxide group plus an exo-methylene-γ-lactone function.

An Apparatus for the Study of Instrumental Learning in the Rat

1956 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. McGaugh ◽  
Lewis Petrinovich
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Learning
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