Central Nervous System Involvement in Guillain-Barré-Like Syndrome: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.-X. Borruat ◽  
N.J. Schatz ◽  
J.S. Glaser ◽  
A. Forteza
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence ◽  
Guillain Barré

scholarly journals Large and Small Cerebral Vessel Involvement in Severe COVID-19

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 3719-3722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Keller ◽  
Giovanna Brandi ◽  
Sebastian Winklhofer ◽  
Lukas L. Imbach ◽  
Daniel Kirschenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Background and Purpose: Case series indicating cerebrovascular disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been published. Comprehensive workups, including clinical characteristics, laboratory, electroencephalography, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid findings, are needed to understand the mechanisms. Methods: We evaluated 32 consecutive critically ill patients with COVID-19 treated at a tertiary care center from March 9 to April 3, 2020, for concomitant severe central nervous system involvement. Patients identified underwent computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and autopsy in case of death. Results: Of 32 critically ill patients with COVID-19, 8 (25%) had severe central nervous system involvement. Two presented with lacunar ischemic stroke in the early phase and 6 with prolonged impaired consciousness after termination of analgosedation. In all but one with delayed wake-up, neuroimaging or autopsy showed multiple cerebral microbleeds, in 3 with additional subarachnoid hemorrhage and in 2 with additional small ischemic lesions. In 3 patients, intracranial vessel wall sequence magnetic resonance imaging was performed for the first time to our knowledge. All showed contrast enhancement of vessel walls in large cerebral arteries, suggesting vascular wall pathologies with an inflammatory component. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions for SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid were all negative. No intrathecal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG synthesis was detectable. Conclusions: Different mechanisms of cerebrovascular disorders might be involved in COVID-19. Acute ischemic stroke might occur early. In a later phase, microinfarctions and vessel wall contrast enhancement occur, indicating small and large cerebral vessels involvement. Central nervous system disorders associated with COVID-19 may lead to long-term disabilities. Mechanisms should be urgently investigated to develop neuroprotective strategies.

scholarly journals Congenital Zika syndrome and neuroimaging findings: what do we know so far?

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Niemeyer de Freitas Ribeiro ◽  
Bernardo Carvalho Muniz ◽  
Emerson Leandro Gasparetto ◽  
Nina Ventura ◽  
Edson Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome

Abstract Although infection with the Zika virus was first recognized in 1942, it received little attention until 2007, when a true pandemic spread throughout Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Since then, numerous forms of central nervous system involvement have been described, mainly malformations related to congenital infection. Although the neuroimaging findings in congenital Zika syndrome are not pathognomonic, many are quite suggestive of the diagnosis, and radiologists should be prepared to interpret such findings accordingly. The objective of this article is to review the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in congenital Zika syndrome.

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