Carbohydrate Moieties of Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein, Major Glycoprotein of the Peripheral Nervous System Myelin and Other Myelin Glycoproteins Potentially Involved in Cell Adhesion

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Badache ◽  
Danielle Burger ◽  
Henry Villarroya ◽  
Yveline Robert ◽  
Sabine Kuchler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Myelin Associated Glycoprotein ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System Myelin

The mouse homeodomain protein Phox2 regulates Ncam promoter activity in concert with Cux/CDP and is a putative determinant of neurotransmitter phenotype

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Valarche ◽  
J.P. Tissier-Seta ◽  
M.R. Hirsch ◽  
S. Martinez ◽  
C. Goridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Sensory Ganglia ◽  
Homeodomain Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Cascade

Transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding the cell adhesion receptor NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule), a putative effector molecule of a variety of morphogenetic events, is likely to involve important regulators of morphogenesis. Here we identify two mouse homeodomain proteins that bind to an upstream regulatory element in the Ncam promoter: Cux, related to Drosophila cut and human CDP, and Phox2, a novel protein with a homeodomain related to that of the Drosophila paired gene. In transient transfection experiments, Cux was found to be a strong inhibitor of Ncam promoter activity, and this inhibition could be relieved by simultaneously overexpressing Phox2. These results suggest that the Ncam gene might be a direct target of homeodomain proteins and provide a striking example of regulatory cross-talk between homeodomain proteins of different classes. Whereas the expression pattern of Cux/CDP includes many NCAM-negative sites, Phox2 expression was restricted to cells also expressing Ncam or their progenitors. The localisation data thus strongly reinforce the notion that Phox2 plays a role in transcriptional activation of Ncam in Phox2-positive cell types. In the peripheral nervous system, Phox2 was strongly expressed in all ganglia of the autonomic nervous system and more weakly in some cranial sensory ganglia, but not in the sensory ganglia of the trunk. Phox2 transcripts were detected in the primordia of sympathetic ganglia as soon as they form. Phox2 expression in the brain was confined to spatially restricted domains in the hindbrain, which correspond to the noradrenergic and adrenergic nuclei once they are identifiable. All Phox2-expressing components of the peripheral nervous system are at least transiently adrenergic or noradrenergic. In the developing brain, Phox2 was expressed at all known locations of (nor)adrenergic neurones and of their precursors. These results suggest that Phox2, in addition to regulating the NCAM gene, may be part of the regulatory cascade that controls the differentiation of neurons towards this neurotransmitter phenotype.

Expression of the large myelin-associated glycoprotein isoform during the development in the mouse peripheral nervous system

1991 ◽  
Vol 562 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Inuzuka ◽  
Nobuya Fujita ◽  
Shuzo Sato ◽  
Hiroko Baba ◽  
Ryoichi Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Myelin Associated Glycoprotein

scholarly journals Neurite extension of chicken peripheral nervous system neurons on fibronectin: relative importance of specific adhesion sites in the central cell-binding domain and the alternatively spliced type III connecting segment.

1988 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1289-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Humphries ◽  
S K Akiyama ◽  
A Komoriya ◽  
K Olden ◽  
K M Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Central Cell ◽  
Cell Binding ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
Cell Binding Domain ◽  
Iiics Region

Fibronectin contains at least two domains that support cell adhesion. One is the central cell-binding domain that is recognized by a variety of cell types, including fibroblasts. The second, originally identified by its ability to support melanoma cell adhesion, is located in the alternatively spliced type III connecting segment (IIICS). Using specific adhesive ligands and inhibitory probes, we have examined the role of each of these domains in fibronectin-mediated neurite extension of neurons from chick embryo dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia. In studies using explanted ganglia, both fl3, a 75-kD tryptic fragment of human plasma fibronectin containing the central cell-binding domain, and CS1-IgG, a synthetic peptide-IgG conjugate containing the principal cell adhesion site from the IIICS, supported neurite outgrowth after adsorption onto the substrate. The maximal activities of fl3 and CSl-IgG were 45-55% and 25-30% that of intact fibronectin, respectively. Co-coating of the substrate with f13 and CS1-IgG produced an additive stimulation of neurite outgrowth, the extent of which approached that obtained with fibronectin. Similar results were obtained with purified neuronal cell preparations isolated by tryptic dissociation of dorsal root ganglia. In complementary studies, blockage of the adhesive function of either the central cell-binding domain (with mAb 333, an antiadhesive monoclonal antibody) or the IIICS (with CS1 peptide), resulted in approximately 60 or 30% reduction in fibronectin-mediated neurite outgrowth, respectively. When tested in combination, the inhibitory activities of mAb 333 and CSl were additive. From these results, we conclude that neurons from the peripheral nervous system can extend neurites on both the central cell-binding domain and the IIICS region of fibronectin, and that these cells are therefore the first normal, embryonic cell type shown to adhere to the IIICS. These results suggest that spatiotemporal fluctuations in the alternative mRNA splicing of the IIICS region of fibronectin may be important in regulation of cell adhesive events during development of the peripheral nervous system.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Owen B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Intensive Care Therapy ◽  
Autoimmune Attack ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System Myelin ◽  
Progressive Weakness ◽  
Careful History

The Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acquired, monophasic illness of the peripheral nervous system. The etiology is an autoimmune attack directed against peripheral nervous system myelin, although the exact mechanism of the immunologic injury is unknown. The major clinical features are rapidly progressive weakness and hyporeflexia, and the most serious complications during the acute phase of the disease are respiratory failure and autonomic cardiovascular disturbances. A careful history, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests are necessary to make a clinical diagnosis and to exclude other disorders that cause acute weakness. Results of laboratory studies that aid in the diagnosis, CSF protein and electrodiagnostic studies, are usually normal during the first week of the illness. The prognosis for children with Guillian-Barré syndrome is excellent for full recovery using modern intensive care therapy for respiratory support and management of other complications.

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