Pattern and Progression of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease: Role of Premorbid Intelligence and ApoE Genotype

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bracco ◽  
Carolina Piccini ◽  
Michela Baccini ◽  
Valentina Bessi ◽  
Federica Biancucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Premorbid Intelligence

scholarly journals Factors underlying cognitive decline in old age and Alzheimer’s disease: the role of the hippocampus

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Jaroudi ◽  
Julia Garami ◽  
Sandra Garrido ◽  
Michael Hornberger ◽  
Szabolcs Keri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

AbstractThere are many factors that strongly influence the aetiology, development, and progression of cognitive decline in old age, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These factors include not only different personality traits and moods but also lifestyle patterns (e.g. exercise and diet) and awareness levels that lead to cognitive decline in old age. In this review, we discuss how personality traits, mood states, and lifestyle impact brain and behaviour in older adults. Specifically, our review shows that these lifestyle and personality factors affect several brain regions, including the hippocampus, a region key for memory that is affected by cognitive decline in old age as well as AD. Accordingly, appropriate recommendations are presented in this review to assist individuals in decreasing chances of MCI, dementia, AD, and associated symptoms.

scholarly journals Cognitive Decline in Neuronal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Role of NMDA Receptors and Associated Proteins

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Avila ◽  
María Llorens-Martín ◽  
Noemí Pallas-Bazarra ◽  
Marta Bolós ◽  
Juan R. Perea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Associated Proteins

The role of event-related potentials in cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiou-Lian Lai ◽  
Ruey-Tay Lin ◽  
Li-Min Liou ◽  
Ching-Kuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Predictors of progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease: the role of vascular and sociodemographic factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 256 (8) ◽  
pp. 1288-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Musicco ◽  
Katie Palmer ◽  
Giovanna Salamone ◽  
Federica Lupo ◽  
Roberta Perri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors

scholarly journals Involvement of Cholinergic, Adrenergic, and Glutamatergic Network Modulation with Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2283
Author(s):  
Yu-Jung Cheng ◽  
Chieh-Hsin Lin ◽  
Hsien-Yuan Lane
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Tau Proteins ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The number of AD cases has been rapidly growing worldwide. Several the related etiological hypotheses include atypical amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins inside neurons, disturbed neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. During AD progression, aberrations in neurotransmission cause cognitive decline—the main symptom of AD. Here, we review the aberrant neurotransmission systems, including cholinergic, adrenergic, and glutamatergic network, and the interactions among these systems as they pertain to AD. We also discuss the key role of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction in AD-associated cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we summarize the results of recent studies indicating that increasing glutamatergic neurotransmission through the alteration of NMDARs shows potential for treating cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment or early stage AD. Future studies on the long-term efficiency of NMDA-enhancing strategies in the treatment of AD are warranted.

scholarly journals Sex and APOE genotype influence Alzheimer’s disease tau neuropathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Duarte-Guterman ◽  
Arianne Y. Albert ◽  
Cindy K. Barha ◽  
Liisa A.M. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Amyloid Beta Protein ◽  
Biological Sex

ABSTRACTAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by severe cognitive decline and pathological changes in the brain (brain atrophy, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and deposition of toxic amyloid-beta protein). Females have worse neuropathology (AD biomarkers and brain atrophy rates) and cognitive decline than males, however biological sex can interact with diagnosis (mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD) and APOE genotype (number of ε4 alleles), although there are discrepancies between studies. Using the ADNI database, we analysed the effect of sex and APOE genotype (number of ε4 alleles) and sex and diagnosis (cognitively normal (CN), MCI, AD) on cognition (memory and executive function), hippocampal volume, CSF amyloid beta, CSF tau and ptau. More males were diagnosed with MCI but there was no sex difference in those diagnosed with AD, suggesting the progression from CN, MCI to AD may be sex-specific. We found, consistent with some studies, that females had higher levels of CSF tau-pathology that was disproportionately affected by APOE genotype compared to males. These results suggest that sex and APOE genotype effects on AD biomarkers may influence sex differences in incidence and progression of MCI and AD. We also detected sex differences in hippocampal volume but the direction was dependent on the method of correction. Females had better memory (including verbal) scores than males, which may suggest a delay in the onset of cognitive decline or diagnosis.

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