Weight, Blood Pressure, Osmolarity, and Glucose Levels across Various Stages of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Hogan ◽  
Erika M. Ebly ◽  
Kenneth Rockwood
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Glucose Levels

scholarly journals Biophysics of Blood Circulation in Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Volobuev ◽  
P. Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Small Vessels

Modern rational pharmacotherapy allows being provided with a balance of efficacy and safety in clinical geriatrics, which is especially important in patients with neurovascular degeneration, including in the presence of severe forms of vascular comorbidity, requiring multi–component therapy, under the condition of active multidisciplinary and interdepartmental impact. Dementia in its origin is mixed and it is extremely difficult to divide into parts its primary degenerative or vascular component. The differentiated approach is determined by the heterogeneity of the pathological process, which common is the relationship of cerebral vascular damages with the development of the brain symptoms damage. The problem of nosological independence of Alzheimer’s disease is the subject of discussion for patients of older age groups (especially in people 65 years and older). The genesis of mnestic–intellectual disorders is due not so much to primary–degenerative as vascular changes, especially at the level of the microcirculatory canal. The modern problem of neurodegeneration has a neurophysiological, biophysical, gerontological, geriatric and strategic practical orientation since the diagnosis of the cause of the disease determines the choice of adequate treatment. Due to a large number of pathogenetical mechanisms, there is no single and standardized method of treatment for vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. In any case, prevention of the development and progression of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease should take into account the etiological mechanisms of its occurrence, because it will vary in patients with failures of small vessels, occlusive damages of the main arteries of the head or an embolism of cardiogenic origin. In patients with failures of small vessels, the main direction of therapy should be the normalization of blood pressure, which leads to improved cognitive functions. At the same time, excessive lowering of blood pressure can provoke an increase in mnestic-intellectual disorders, possibly caused by a secondary decrease in cerebral blood flow due to a violation of autoregulation. Biophysics of blood circulation in Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by disorders of laminar blood flow and cerebral hypoperfusion. As a result, failure intracellular metabolism, there is a cascade of changes in neurons associated with the processes of excitotoxicity and oxidant stress, which in turn stimulates amyloidogenesis. Experimental and 25-year observations have shown that the long–existing state of hypoperfusion leads to hippocampal disorders. This process is accompanied by memory impairment, structural changes in the capillaries in the hippocampus, impaired glucose and protein metabolism, β–amyloid deposition, activation of glial tissue, the death of hippocampal neurons.

scholarly journals Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status and Risk of Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Lee ◽  
Dong Wook Shin ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Dahye Kim ◽  
Jung Eun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model

This study investigated the effects of changes in metabolic syndrome (MS) status and each component on subsequent dementia occurrence. The study population was participants of a biennial National Health Screening Program in 2009–2010 and 2011–2012 in Korea. Participants were divided into four groups according to change in MS status during the two-year interval screening: sustained normal, worsened (normal to MS), improved (MS to normal), and sustained MS group. Risk of dementia among the groups was estimated from the second screening date to 31 December 2016 using a Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 4,106,590 participants were included. The mean follow-up was 4.9 years. Compared to the sustained normal group, adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) (95% confidence interval) were 1.11 (1.08–1.13) for total dementia, 1.08 (1.05–1.11) for Alzheimer’s disease, and 1.20 (1.13–1.28) for vascular dementia in the worsened group; 1.12 (1.10–1.15), 1.10 (1.07–1.13), and 1.19 (1.12–1.27) for the improved group; and 1.18 (1.16–1.20), 1.13 (1.11–1.15), and 1.38 (1.32–1.44) for the sustained MS group. Normalization of MS lowered the risk of all dementia types; total dementia (aHR 1.18 versus 1.12), Alzheimer’s disease (1.13 versus 1.10), and vascular dementia (1.38 versus 1.19). Among MS components, fasting glucose and blood pressure showed more impact. In conclusion, changes in MS status were associated with the risk of dementia. Strategies to improve MS, especially hyperglycemia and blood pressure, may help to prevent dementia.

Rhizoma Coptidis for Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Wang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Meixia Liu ◽  
Yun Wei ◽  
Jiangang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Tau Hyperphosphorylation ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Rhizoma Coptidis ◽  
Chinese Herbal

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are major types of dementia, both of which cause heavy economic burdens for families and society. However, no currently available medicines can control dementia progression. Rhizoma coptidis, a Chinese herbal medicine, has been used for >2000 years and is now gaining attention as a potential treatment for AD and VaD. Methods: We reviewed the mechanisms of the active ingredients of Rhizoma coptidis and Rhizoma coptidis-containing Chinese herbal compounds in the treatment of AD and VaD. We focused on studies on ameliorating the risk factors and the pathological changes of these diseases. Results: The Rhizoma coptidis active ingredients include berberine, palmatine, coptisine, epiberberine, jatrorrhizine and protopine. The most widely studied ingredient is berberine, which has extensive therapeutic effects on the risk factors and pathogenesis of dementia. It can control blood glucose and lipid levels, regulate blood pressure, ameliorate atherosclerosis, inhibit cholinesterase activity, Aβ generation, and tau hyperphosphorylation, decrease neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and alleviate cognitive impairment. Other ingredients (such as jatrorrhizine, coptisine, epiberberine and palmatine) also regulate blood lipids and blood pressure; however, there are relatively few studies on them. Rhizoma coptidis-containing Chinese herbal compounds like Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang, Huanglian Wendan Decoction, Banxia Xiexin Decoction and Huannao Yicong Formula have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant stress activities, regulate insulin signaling, inhibit γ-secretase activity, neuronal apoptosis, tau hyperphosphorylation, and Aβ deposition, and promote neural stem cell differentiation, thereby improving cognitive function. Conclusion: The “One-Molecule, One-Target” paradigm has suffered heavy setbacks, but a “multitarget- directed ligands” strategy may be viable. Rhizoma coptidis active ingredients and Rhizoma coptidiscontaining Chinese herbal compounds have multi-aspect therapeutic effects on AD and VaD.

SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF TUBULIN IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN CONTROL, SCHIZOPHRENIA AND VASCULAR DEMENTIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Burbaeva G.Sh. ◽  
Androsova L.V. ◽  
Vorobyeva E.A. ◽  
Savushkina O.K.
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Nephelometric Method ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of polymerization of tubulin into microtubules and determine the level of colchicine binding (colchicine-binding activity of tubulin) in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, vascular dementia (VD) and control. Colchicine-binding activity of tubulin was determined by Sherlinе in tubulin-enriched extracts of proteins from the samples. Measurement of light scattering during the polymerization of the tubulin was carried out using the nephelometric method at a wavelength of 450-550 nm. There was a significant decrease in colchicine-binding activity and the rate of tubulin polymerization in the prefrontal cortex in both diseases, and in VD to a greater extent than in schizophrenia. The obtained results suggest that not only in Alzheimer's disease, but also in other mental diseases such as schizophrenia and VD, there is a decrease in the level of tubulin in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, although to a lesser extent than in Alzheimer's disease, and consequently the amount of microtubules.

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