Different Types of Psychic Reactions after Stereotaxic Operations in Parkinson’s Disease

1965 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.W. Fünfgeld
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Psychic Reactions

scholarly journals The Role of α-Synuclein Oligomers in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8645
Author(s):  
Xiao-yu Du ◽  
Xi-xiu Xie ◽  
Rui-tian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Propagation Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oligomeric Forms ◽  
Neurodegeneration Disease

α-synuclein (α-syn) is a protein associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegeneration disease with no effective treatment. However, how α-syn drives the pathology of PD remains elusive. Recent studies suggest that α-syn oligomers are the primary cause of neurotoxicity and play a critical role in PD. In this review, we discuss the process of α-syn oligomers formation and the current understanding of the structures of oligomers. We also describe seed and propagation effects of oligomeric forms of α-syn. Then, we summarize the mechanism by which α-syn oligomers exert neurotoxicity and promote neurodegeneration, including mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, proteostasis dysregulation, synaptic impairment, cell apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Finally, we investigate treatment regimens targeting α-syn oligomers at present. Further research is needed to understand the structure and toxicity mechanism of different types of oligomers, so as to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of PD.

Age-Related Accelerated Tapping Response in Healthy Population

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Scheiman Elazary ◽  
Hagai Bergman ◽  
Revital Attia ◽  
Hilla Ben-Pazi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Finger Tapping Test ◽  
Healthy Elderly People ◽  
Abnormal Motor

Different types of rapid tapping responses were described in the finger-tapping test. The “Hastening phenomenon” was described as an abnormal motor response in patients with Parkinson's disease. Accelerated tapping has been shown in a healthy elderly sample. It is not clear whether accelerated tapping relates to the hastening phenomenon or characterizes normal aging. We hypothesized that this sample of 21 healthy elderly people showed increased accelerated tapping but not hastening phenomenon. To assess this hypothesis, 20 healthy young and 21 elderly subjects performed a tapping test, requiring responses from 1 to 6 Hz. The healthy elderly sample showed increased accelerated tapping but not increased “hastening phenomenon.” We conclude that Accelerated tapping may represent age-related motor processes unlike the hastening phenomenon characterizing Parkinson's disease.

Automatic Page Turner

2010 ◽  
Vol 166-167 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Alexandra Maria Aluţei ◽  
Beniamin Vasile Chetran ◽  
Ion Lungu ◽  
Dan Mândru
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Points Of View

This paper presents the development of an Assistive Technology representative product: an automatic page turner system, designed for persons with issues like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and other various disabilities that involve the motor functions of the upper limbs. Firstly, the authors emphasize specific features of Assistive Technology and analyse the most important functional aspects concerning different types of page turner devices. The proposed page turner system is based on a four-bar mechanism. Design aspects from the constructive and functional points of view are exposed and the developed prototype is described.

scholarly journals The immunogenicity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and the implications for neural grafting trials in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamma Qarin ◽  
Sarah K Howlett ◽  
Joanne L Jones ◽  
Roger Barker
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Different Types

Dopaminergic (DA) cell replacement therapies are a promising experimental treatment for Parkinson’s disease and a number of different types of DA cell-based therapies have already been trialled in patients. To date the most successful have been allotransplants of foetal ventral midbrain but even then, the results have been inconsistent. This coupled to the ethical and logistical problems with using this tissue has meant that an alternative cell source has been sought of which human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) sources have proven very attractive. Robust protocols for making mesencephalic DA progenitor cells from hPSC now exist and the first in-human clinical trials have or are about to start. However, while their safety and efficacy are well understood, relatively little is known about their immunogenicity and in this review, we briefly summarise this with reference mainly to the limited literature on human foetal dopaminergic cells.

scholarly journals Assessing Plasma Levels of α-Synuclein and Neurofilament Light Chain by Different Blood Preparation Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Kou-Chen Liu ◽  
Chao-Sung Lai ◽  
Shieh-Yueh Yang ◽  
Chiung-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Neurofilament Light Chain ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temperature Preparation

The potential biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease are α-synuclein and neurofilament light chain (NFL). However, inconsistent preanalytical preparation of plasma could lead to variations in levels of these biomarkers. Different types of potassium salts of EDTA and different centrifugation temperatures during plasma preparation may affect the results of α-synuclein and NFL measurements. In this study, we prepared plasma from eight patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and seven healthy controls (HCs) by using di- and tri-potassium (K2- and K3-) EDTA tubes and recruited a separated cohort with 42 PD patients and 40 HCs for plasma samples prepared from whole blood by centrifugation at room temperature and 4°C, respectively, in K2-EDTA tubes. The plasma levels of α-synuclein and NFL in K2- and K3-EDTA were similar. However, the levels of α-synuclein in the plasma prepared at 4°C (101.57 ± 43.43 fg/ml) were significantly lower compared with those at room temperature (181.23 ± 196.31 fg/ml, P < 0.001). Room temperature preparation demonstrated elevated plasma levels of α-synuclein in PD patients (256.6 ± 50.2 fg/ml) compared with the HCs (102.1 ± 0.66 fg/ml, P < 0.001), whereas this increase in PD was not present by preparation at 4°C. Both plasma preparations at room temperature and 4°C demonstrated consistent results of NFL, which are increased in PD patients compared with HCs. Our findings confirmed that K2- and K3-EDTA tubes were interchangeable for analyzing plasma levels of α-synuclein and NFL. Centrifugation at 4°C during plasma preparation generates considerable reduction and variation of α-synuclein level that might hinder the detection of α-synuclein level changes in PD.

scholarly journals The Clinical Profile of Nonmotor Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease Patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Ince Gunal ◽  
Kerim Nurichalichi ◽  
Nese Tuncer ◽  
Nural Bekiroglu ◽  
Sevinç Aktan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Motor Fluctuations ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Higher Doses

Objective:Recently described nonmotor fluctuations may cause disability in Parkinson's disease patients. These fluctuations are generally grouped as sensory, autonomic and psychiatric. The clinical spectrum and frequency of these fluctuating symptoms are not well-described.Methods:We studied the relationship of nonmotor fluctuations with motor symptoms and determined the influence of age at disease onset, duration of disease, dosage and duration of levodopa treatment in the appearance of nonmotor fluctuations.Results:Statistical analysis showed a relationship of disease-related parameters with sensory and autonomic fluctuations but psychiatric fluctuations were only found to be associated with the duration of levodopa usage. The nonmotor fluctuations included in the study were observed during “on” periods as well as “off” periods.Conclusion:Nonmotor fluctuations had variable presentations. Moreover, their co-appearance with different types of motor fluctuations may be linked to the effect of other neurotransmitter systems acting synchronously with dopamine. Risk factors for sensory and autonomic fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease were early age of disease onset, longer duration and higher dose of levodopa use. Psychiatric fluctuations were only associated with higher doses of levodopa.

scholarly journals Different types of additional somatosensory information do not promote immediate benefits on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease and older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Ellen Lirani-Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Vitório ◽  
Fabio Augusto Barbieri ◽  
André Macari Baptista ◽  
Paulo Cezar Rocha dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Cutaneous Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Somatosensory Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After

AbstractPlantar cutaneous stimulation has been shown to improve gait in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the effects of different types of insoles have not been tested. We evaluated the immediate effect of different types of insoles on gait in PD patients and healthy older adults. Nineteen PD patients and nineteen healthy older adults performed and performed a walking task at their self-selected speed in three conditions: conventional insole, insole with a raised ridge around the foot perimeter, and insole with half-spheres. Plantar sensation was evaluated before and after the walking protocol. There were no differences between groups for plantar sensation before and after the walking task. PD patients demonstrated reduced stride length and stride velocity. There were no immediate benefits offered by the insoles on gait of either group. The increased plantar cutaneous stimulation does not promote immediate benefits on gait in PD patients and healthy older adults.

Visual Search Processes in Healthy Aging

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tales ◽  
T Troscianko ◽  
S R Butler
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Size Task

It is well established that there are two limiting types of visual search, a pre-attentive parallel and an attention-related serial process. Such different types of processing may depend upon different regions of the visual cortex and such a measurable dissociation of function could provide a useful marker for particular types of cortical pathology, such as that associated with Parkinson's disease, aging, and Alzheimer's disease. For example, recent studies in this laboratory have shown that people with Parkinson's disease have abnormal parallel but normal serial search functions. Plude and Doussard-Roosevelt (1989 Psychology and Aging4 98 – 105) found no difference in parallel processing between older and young adults, but found that older adults performed worse on a conjunction task. The aim of the present experiment was to extend this research and look at the effect of aging on other types of visual search task and to compare these findings to patients with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease to determine if different patterns of visual function occur. Twenty-five young adults (mean age 32.6 years) and twenty-five older adults (mean age 63.4 years) performed both a conjunction task and a task involving the detection of a target only slightly larger than the distractors (the ‘size’ task). Our hypothesis was that for both types of visual search there would be an increase in search slope in the older adult group compared to the younger adults. Results of a 2-factor (1 between and 1 within) ANOVA performed on the slope values indicate statistically significant main effects of both age ( F=7.661, p<0.008) and search task ( F=25.426, p<0.0001), where in both the conjunction and size task the slope value was significantly greater for the older than for the younger adults. The slope for the size task was significantly greater than that for the conjunction task for both age groups. The results therefore support our hypothesis and further work is in progress to determine the effects of Alzheimer's disease on different types of visual search processing.

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