Direct Measurements of the Partial Oxygen Tension in Different Cortical and Subcortical Structures of the Brain and in Gliomas during Stereotactic Operation

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mundinger ◽  
K. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Stereotactic Operation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Partial Oxygen

A new technique for the mapping of oxygen tension on the brain surface

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S543-S543
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kimura ◽  
Keigo Matsumoto ◽  
Yoshio Imahori ◽  
Katsuyoshi Mineura ◽  
Toshiyuki Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Mismatch between Tissue Partial Oxygen Pressure and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neuromonitoring of Tissue Respiration in Acute Brain Trauma: The Rationale for Implementing a Multimodal Monitoring Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Mario Forcione ◽  
Mario Ganau ◽  
Lara Prisco ◽  
Antonio Maria Chiarelli ◽  
Andrea Bellelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Partial Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Partial Oxygen

The brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PbtO2) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neuromonitoring are frequently compared in the management of acute moderate and severe traumatic brain injury patients; however, the relationship between their respective output parameters flows from the complex pathogenesis of tissue respiration after brain trauma. NIRS neuromonitoring overcomes certain limitations related to the heterogeneity of the pathology across the brain that cannot be adequately addressed by local-sample invasive neuromonitoring (e.g., PbtO2 neuromonitoring, microdialysis), and it allows clinicians to assess parameters that cannot otherwise be scanned. The anatomical co-registration of an NIRS signal with axial imaging (e.g., computerized tomography scan) enhances the optical signal, which can be changed by the anatomy of the lesions and the significance of the radiological assessment. These arguments led us to conclude that rather than aiming to substitute PbtO2 with tissue saturation, multiple types of NIRS should be included via multimodal systemic- and neuro-monitoring, whose values then are incorporated into biosignatures linked to patient status and prognosis. Discussion on the abnormalities in tissue respiration due to brain trauma and how they affect the PbtO2 and NIRS neuromonitoring is given.

scholarly journals A probabilistic atlas of the human ventral tegmental area (VTA) based on 7 Tesla MRI data

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Trutti ◽  
Laura Fontanesi ◽  
Martijn J. Mulder ◽  
Pierre-Louis Bazin ◽  
Bernhard Hommel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
7 Tesla Mri ◽  
Subcortical Nuclei ◽  
Ventral Tegmental ◽  
The Brain

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) BOLD signal is commonly localized by using neuroanatomical atlases, which can also serve for region of interest analyses. Yet, the available MRI atlases have serious limitations when it comes to imaging subcortical structures: only 7% of the 455 subcortical nuclei are captured by current atlases. This highlights the general difficulty in mapping smaller nuclei deep in the brain, which can be addressed using ultra-high field 7 Tesla (T) MRI. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a subcortical structure that plays a pivotal role in reward processing, learning and memory. Despite the significant interest in this nucleus in cognitive neuroscience, there are currently no available, anatomically precise VTA atlases derived from 7 T MRI data that cover the full region of the VTA. Here, we first provide a protocol for multimodal VTA imaging and delineation. We then provide a data description of a probabilistic VTA atlas based on in vivo 7 T MRI data.

scholarly journals Rhythm and its perception in the central nervous system

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
B. Ried ◽  
G. Rodrigues ◽  
E. Gama
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
International Data ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractRhythm works as an organizing principle in all sorts/manner of human behavior and perception. Several sciences investigate rhythm, trying to unveil the mechanisms of its perception and its neural correlates. In order to assess the knowledge available from 2001 to 2011, we conducted a review into five international data bases using the keywords “rhythm” and “perception“. 17 original research papers were found whose indings were fairly inconclusive and unable to precisely locate one single rhythm processing area in the brain, but found activations in both cortical and subcortical structures and the cerebellum. However, methods were found to be fairly diverse and often terminologically inconsistent, which hampers comparison between studies. Conclusions: the former vision of rhythm perception in the brain as occurring in a network has been conirmed.

Neuropsychology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Bizyuk
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
State Educational ◽  
The Brain

The textbook is based on the materials of well-known domestic and foreign manuals on neurology, publications of leading specialists in the field of neuropsychology and related disciplines. It contains basic information on the anatomy of the central nervous system; basic principles and theories that provide an understanding of the laws of the brain; psychological characteristics of symptoms and syndromes that develop in lesions of the cortex and subcortical structures; a brief description of neuropsychological tests and hardware techniques that allow identifying the topic of the lesion. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students specializing in the field of clinical (medical) special psychology, speech therapy, as well as for students of retraining and advanced training courses in these specialties.

scholarly journals The Neural Correlates of Time: A Meta-analysis of Neuroimaging Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1796-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Nani ◽  
Jordi Manuello ◽  
Donato Liloia ◽  
Sergio Duca ◽  
Tommaso Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Estimation Of Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

During the last two decades, our inner sense of time has been repeatedly studied with the help of neuroimaging techniques. These investigations have suggested the specific involvement of different brain areas in temporal processing. At least two distinct neural systems are likely to play a role in measuring time: One is mainly constituted of subcortical structures and is supposed to be more related to the estimation of time intervals below the 1-sec range (subsecond timing tasks), and the other is mainly constituted of cortical areas and is supposed to be more related to the estimation of time intervals above the 1-sec range (suprasecond timing tasks). Tasks can then be performed in motor or nonmotor (perceptual) conditions, thus providing four different categories of time processing. Our meta-analytical investigation partly confirms the findings of previous meta-analytical works. Both sub- and suprasecond tasks recruit cortical and subcortical areas, but subcortical areas are more intensely activated in subsecond tasks than in suprasecond tasks, which instead receive more contributions from cortical activations. All the conditions, however, show strong activations in the SMA, whose rostral and caudal parts have an important role not only in the discrimination of different time intervals but also in relation to the nature of the task conditions. This area, along with the striatum (especially the putamen) and the claustrum, is supposed to be an essential node in the different networks engaged when the brain creates our sense of time.

Effects of Certain Indole Amines on Electrical Activity of the Nervous System

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Slocombe ◽  
Hudson Hoagland ◽  
Lillian S. Tozian
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Lysergic Acid ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Recovery From Anesthesia ◽  
The Brain

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 5-hydroxytryptamine, and adrenochrome were shown to have properties similar to epinephrine in their effects on the spontaneous electrical activity in the brain of the albino rat. The effects of these drugs were shown to be determined by the type of anesthetic used. In Pentothal-anesthetized animals, profound reduction of the electrical activity in both frequency and amplitude was found in response to these drugs, while in ether-anesthetized animals there was no significant effect. There was a tendency for LSD to increase electrical activity when injected following recovery from anesthesia. The significance of this differential response is discussed with respect to structures in the central nervous system primarily affected by ether and Pentothal, and it is suggested that the site of action of these compounds is in Pentothal-sensitive nonspecific pathways. The site of the depressive action of these drugs with Pentothal is further defined by the fact that both cortical and subcortical structures were equally affected, while respiratory and cardio-regulatory centers were not significantly depressed. This implicates one of the lower nonspecific centers with widespread cortical and subcortical projections.

scholarly journals Increased Callosal Connectivity in Reeler Mice Revealed by Brain-Wide Input Mapping of VIP Neurons in Barrel Cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Hafner ◽  
Julien Guy ◽  
Mirko Witte ◽  
Pavel Truschow ◽  
Alina Rüppel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Virus Tracing ◽  
Cortical Inputs ◽  
Callosal Projection ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The neocortex is composed of layers. Whether layers constitute an essential framework for the formation of functional circuits is not well understood. We investigated the brain-wide input connectivity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expressing neurons in the reeler mouse. This mutant is characterized by a migration deficit of cortical neurons so that no layers are formed. Still, neurons retain their properties and reeler mice show little cognitive impairment. We focused on VIP neurons because they are known to receive strong long-range inputs and have a typical laminar bias toward upper layers. In reeler, these neurons are more dispersed across the cortex. We mapped the brain-wide inputs of VIP neurons in barrel cortex of wild-type and reeler mice with rabies virus tracing. Innervation by subcortical inputs was not altered in reeler, in contrast to the cortical circuitry. Numbers of long-range ipsilateral cortical inputs were reduced in reeler, while contralateral inputs were strongly increased. Reeler mice had more callosal projection neurons. Hence, the corpus callosum was larger in reeler as shown by structural imaging. We argue that, in the absence of cortical layers, circuits with subcortical structures are maintained but cortical neurons establish a different network that largely preserves cognitive functions.

Oxygen Tension Changes Evoked in the Brain by Visual Stimulation

Science ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 156 (3780) ◽  
pp. 1392-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Gijsbers ◽  
R. Melzack
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
The Brain
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