An Integrated System for Brain Stimulation and Lesion Production in Human Stereotaxic Surgery

The IRμs™ is the first fully integrated system for Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy. FT-IR microscopy combines light microscopy for morphological examination with infrared spectroscopy for chemical identification of microscopic samples or domains. Because the IRμs system is a new tool for molecular microanalysis, its optical, mechanical and system design are described to illustrate the state of development of molecular microanalysis. Applications of infrared microspectroscopy are reviewed by Messerschmidt and Harthcock.Infrared spectral analysis of microscopic samples is not a new idea, it dates back to 1949, with the first commercial instrument being offered by Perkin-Elmer Co. Inc. in 1953. These early efforts showed promise but failed the test of practically. It was not until the advances in computer science were applied did infrared microspectroscopy emerge as a useful technique. Microscopes designed as accessories for Fourier transform infrared spectrometers have been commercially available since 1983. These accessory microscopes provide the best means for analytical spectroscopists to analyze microscopic samples, while not interfering with the FT-IR spectrometer’s normal functions.

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Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146047 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 40-41

Author(s):

Frank J. Longo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electrical Activity ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Integrated System ◽

Electrophysiological Recording ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

The Status ◽

Sperm Membrane ◽

Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

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Subcallosal Cingulate Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

Yearbook of Neurology and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1016/j.yneu.2012.05.058 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 241-243

Author(s):

P. House

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Bipolar Depression ◽

Treatment Resistant ◽

Deep Brain

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Deep Brain Stimulation Aids Resistant Depression

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(08)71087-4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (19) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

MICHELE G. SULLIVAN

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Resistant Depression ◽

Deep Brain

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Nicht-medikamentöse Optionen zur Behandlung pharmakoresistenter Epilepsien

Therapeutische Umschau ◽

10.1024/0040-5930/a001023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (7) ◽

pp. 448-454

Author(s):

Thomas Grunwald ◽

Judith Kröll

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Tiefe Hirnstimulation ◽

Ketogene Diät ◽

Deep Brain

Zusammenfassung. Wenn mit den ersten beiden anfallspräventiven Medikamenten keine Anfallsfreiheit erzielt werden konnte, so ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dies mit anderen Medikamenten zu erreichen, nur noch ca. 10 %. Es sollte dann geprüft werden, warum eine Pharmakoresistenz besteht und ob ein epilepsiechirurgischer Eingriff zur Anfallsfreiheit führen kann. Ist eine solche Operation nicht möglich, so können palliative Verfahren wie die Vagus-Nerv-Stimulation (VNS) und die tiefe Hirnstimulation (Deep Brain Stimulation) in eine bessere Anfallskontrolle ermöglichen. Insbesondere bei schweren kindlichen Epilepsien stellt auch die ketogene Diät eine zu erwägende Option dar.

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