Selection of the Optimal Lesion Site for the Relief of Parkinsonian Tremor on the Basis of Spectral Analysis of Neuronal Firing Patterns

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Lenz ◽  
R.R. Tasker ◽  
H.C. Kwan ◽  
S. Schider ◽  
R. Kwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Lesion Site ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Parkinsonian Tremor ◽  
Selection Of

Digital video: a tool for correlating neuronal firing patterns with hand motor behavior

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Y. Ro ◽  
Daniel Debowy ◽  
Stanley Lu ◽  
Soumya Ghosh ◽  
Esther P. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Digital Video ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Firing Patterns

Sleep and purposive behavior: Inverse deviations from randomness of neuronal firing patterns in the feline thalamus

1984 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Marczynski ◽  
L.L. Burns ◽  
G.T. Livezey ◽  
R.L.P. Vimal ◽  
E. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Purposive Behavior

scholarly journals Differences in Mnemonic Processing by Neurons in the Human Hippocampus and Parahippocampal Regions

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1654-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indre V. Viskontas ◽  
Barbara J. Knowlton ◽  
Peter N. Steinmetz ◽  
Itzhak Fried
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Psychological Review ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Human Hippocampus

Different structures within the medial-temporal lobe likely make distinct contributions to declarative memory. In particular, several current psychological and computational models of memory predict that the hippocampus and parahippocampal regions play different roles in the formation and retrieval of declarative memories [e.g., Norman, K. A., & O'Reilly, R. C. Modeling hippocampal and neocortical contributions to recognition memory: A complementary-learning systems approach. Psychological Review, 110, 611–646, 2003]. Here, we examined the neuronal firing patterns in these two regions during recognition memory. Recording directly from neurons in humans, we find that cells in both regions respond to novel stimuli with an increase in firing (excitation). However, already on the second presentation of a stimulus, neurons in these regions show very different firing patterns. In the parahippocampal region there is dramatic decrease in the number of cells responding to the stimuli, whereas in the hippocampus there is recruitment of a large subset of neurons showing inhibitory (decrease from baseline firing) responses. These results suggest that inhibition is a mechanism used by cells in the human hippocampus to support sparse coding in mnemonic processing. The findings also provide further evidence for the division of labor in the medial-temporal lobe with respect to declarative memory processes.

scholarly journals Ruler Detection for Autoscaling Forensic Images

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhir Bhalerao ◽  
Gregory Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fingerprint Matching ◽  
Standard Measurement ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Manual Selection ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Selection Of

The assessment of forensic photographs often requires the calibration of the resolution of the image so that accurate measurements can be taken of crime-scene exhibits or latent marks. In the case of latent marks, such as fingerprints, image calibration to a given dots-per-inch is a necessary step for image segmentation, preprocessing, extraction of feature minutiae and subsequent fingerprint matching. To enable scaling, such photographs are taken with forensic rulers in the frame so that image pixel distances can be converted to standard measurement units (metric or imperial). In forensic bureaus, this is commonly achieved by manual selection of two or more points on the ruler within the image, and entering the units of the measure distance. The process can be laborious and inaccurate, especially when the ruler graduations are indistinct because of poor contrast, noise or insufficient resolution. Here the authors present a fully automated method for detecting and estimating the direction and graduation spacing of rulers in forensic photographs. The method detects the location of the ruler in the image and then uses spectral analysis to estimate the direction and wavelength of the ruler graduations. The authors detail the steps of the algorithm and demonstrate the accuracy of the estimation on both a calibrated set of test images and a wide collection of good and poor quality crime-scene images. The method is shown to be fast and accurate and has wider application in other imaging disciplines, such as radiography, archaeology and surveying.

Internal Pallidal Neuronal Activity During Mild Drug-Related Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease: Decreased Firing Rates and Altered Firing Patterns

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 2627-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Lee ◽  
L. Verhagen Metman ◽  
S. Ohara ◽  
P. M. Dougherty ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Before And After

The neuronal basis of hyperkinetic movement disorders has long been unclear. We now test the hypothesis that changes in the firing pattern of neurons in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) are related to dyskinesias induced by low doses of apomorphine in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). During pallidotomy for advanced PD, the activity of single neurons was studied both before and after administration of apomorphine at doses just adequate to induce dyskinesias (21 neurons, 17 patients). After the apomorphine injection, these spike trains demonstrated an initial fall in firing from baseline. In nine neurons, the onset of on was simultaneous with that of dyskinesias. In these spike trains, the initial fall in firing rate preceded and was larger than the fall at the onset of on with dyskinesias. Among the three neurons in which the onset of on occurred before that of dyskinesias, the firing rate did not change at the time of onset of dyskinesias. After injection of apomorphine, dyskinesias during on with dyskinesias often fluctuated between transient periods with dyskinesias and those without. Average firing rates were not different between these two types of transient periods. Transient periods with dyskinesias were characterized by interspike interval (ISI) independence, stationary spike trains, and higher variability of ISIs. A small but significant group of neurons demonstrated recurring ISI patterns during transient periods of on with dyskinesias. These results suggest that mild dyskinesias resulting from low doses of apomorphine are related to both low GPi neuronal firing rates and altered firing patterns.

Lipopolysaccharide effects on neuronal activity in rat basal forebrain and hypothalamus during sleep and waking

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. R620-R627
Author(s):  
Xinzheng Xi ◽  
Linda A. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

Peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with alterations in sleep and the electroencephalogram. To evaluate potential neuronal mechanisms for the somnogenic effects of LPS administration, we used unanesthetized rats to survey the firing patterns of neurons in various regions of rat basal forebrain (BF) and hypothalamus during spontaneous sleep and waking and during the epochs of sleep and waking that occurred after the intraperitoneal administration of LPS. In the brain regions studied, LPS administration was associated with altered firing rates in 39% of the neurons examined. A larger proportion of LPS-responsive units showed vigilance-related alterations in firing rates compared with nonresponsive units. Approximately equal proportions of LPS-responsive neurons showed increased and decreased firing rates after LPS administration, with some units in the lateral preoptic area of the hypothalamus showing particularly robust increases. These findings are consistent with other studies showing vigilance-related changes in neuronal activity in various regions of BF and hypothalamus and further demonstrate that peripheral LPS administration alters neuronal firing rates in these structures during both sleep and waking.

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