Intergenomic translocations in unisexual salamanders of the genus Ambystoma (Amphibia, Caudata)

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bi ◽  
J.P. Bogart ◽  
J. Fu
Keyword(s):  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Unisexual Salamanders

Chromosomal organization of a sequence related to LTR-like elements of Ty1-copia retrotransposons in Avena species

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concha Linares ◽  
Antonio Serna ◽  
Araceli Fominaya
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Chromosomal Organization ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Slot Blot Analysis ◽  
Copia Retrotransposons

A repetitive sequence, pAs17, was isolated from Avena strigosa (As genome) and characterized. The insert was 646 bp in length and showed 54% AT content. Databank searches revealed its high homology to the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences of the specific family of Ty1-copia retrotransposons represented by WIS2-1A and Bare. It was also found to be 70% identical to the LTR domain of the WIS2-1A retroelement of wheat and 67% identical to the Bare-1 retroelement of barley. Southern hybridizations of pAs17 to diploid (A or C genomes), tetraploid (AC genomes), and hexaploid (ACD genomes) oat species revealed that it was absent in the C diploid species. Slot-blot analysis suggested that both diploid and tetraploid oat species contained 1.3 × 104 copies, indicating that they are a component of the A-genome chromosomes. The hexaploid species contained 2.4 × 104 copies, indicating that they are a component of both A- and D-genome chromosomes. This was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses using pAs17, two ribosomal sequences, and a C-genome specific sequence as probes. Further, the chromosomes involved in three C-A and three C-D intergenomic translocations in Avena murphyi (AC genomes) and Avena sativa cv. Extra Klock (ACD genomes), respectively, were identified. Based on its physical distribution and Southern hybridization patterns, a parental retrotransposon represented by pAs17 appears to have been active at least once during the evolution of the A genome in species of the Avena genus.Key words: chromosomal organization, in situ hybridization, intergenomic translocations, LTR sequence, oats.

Visualization of U and M genome chromosomes by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization in Aegilops biuncialis and Triticum aestivum-Ae. biuncialis amphiploids

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Molnár ◽  
M. Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dicentric Chromosomes ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Hybridization Probes ◽  
M Genome ◽  
Genome Donors ◽  
Labelling Method

The multicolour genomic in situ hybridization (mcGISH) method was improved in order to visualize the U b and M b genomes of Aegilops biuncialis Vis. (2n=4x=28, U b U b M b M b ). Hybridization probes prepared from the diploid U and M genome donors, Ae. umbellulata and Ae. comosa , resulted in clear hybridization signals on the U and M chromosomes in Ae. biuncialis . The random primed labelling method made it possible to decrease the blocking ratio to 1:30. McGISH allowed the simultaneous discrimination of individual Ae. biuncialis genomes and wheat chromosomes in γ-irradiated Triticum aestivum-Ae. biuncialis amphiploids (2n=70; AABBDDU b U b M b M b ). Dicentric chromosomes, terminal and interstitial translocations and centric fusions were detected in the irradiated generation. The irradiation-induced wheat- Ae. biuncialis intergenomic translocations will facilitate the successful introgression of useful agronomic traits into bread wheat.

Genome structure and evolution in the allohexaploid weed Avena fatua L. (Poaceae)

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Yang ◽  
L Hanson ◽  
M D Bennett ◽  
I J Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation

Allohexaploid wild oat, Avena fatua L. (Poaceae; 2n = 6x = 42), is one of the world's worst weeds, yet unlike some of the other Avena hexaploids, its genomic structure has been relatively little researched. Consequently, in situ hybridisation was carried out on one accession of A. fatua using an 18S-25S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence and genomic DNA fromA. strigosa (AA-genome diploid) and A. clauda (CC-genome diploid) as probes. Comparing these results with those for other hexaploids studied previously: (i) confirmed that the genomic composition of A. fatua was similar to the other hexaploid Avena taxa (i.e., AACCDD), (ii) identified major sites of rDNA on three pairs of A/D-genome chromosomes, in common with other Avena hexaploids, and (iii) revealed eight chromosome pairs carrying intergenomic translocations between the A/D- and C-genomes in the accession studied. Based on karyotype structure, the identity of some of these recombinant chromosomes was proposed, and this showed that some of these could be divided into two types, (i) those common to all hexaploid Avena species analysed (3 translocations) and (ii) one translocation in this A. fatua accession not previously observed in reports on other hexaploid Avena species. If this translocation is found to be unique to A. fatua, then this information, combined with more traditional morphological data, will add support to the view that A. fatua is genetically distinct from other hexaploid Avena species and thus should retain its full specific status.Key words: wild oats, Avena, genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH), intergenomic translocations, ribosomal DNA.

Detection of intergenomic translocations with centromeric and noncentromeric breakpoints in Triticum araraticum: mechanism of origin and adaptive significance

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 976-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekatherina D. Badaeva ◽  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Triticum Araraticum

Triticum araraticum Jakubz. (2n = 4x = 28, AtAtGG), a wild progenitor of the polyploid cultivated wheat T. timopheevii, shows extensive chromosome translocation polymorphism in natural populations from the Middle East and Transcaucasia. From an extensive survey, eight intergenomic translocation types were observed and their breakpoints analyzed by genomic in situ hybridization. The previously reported species-specific 6At–1G–4G cyclic translocation was found in all accessions studied. In four translocation types, the breakpoints were in interstitial regions of chromosomes and the other four arose via centric–breakage–fusion. A model is presented on the mechanism of origin and the adaptive significance of translocations with centromeric and noncentromeric breakpoints.Key words: intraspecific diversity, intergenomic translocations, Triticum araraticum.

scholarly journals New evidence concerning the genome designations of the AC(DC) tetraploid Avena species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghai Yan ◽  
Zichao Ren ◽  
Di Deng ◽  
Kehan Yang ◽  
Chuang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Repetitive Dna Sequences ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
5S Rrna Gene ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Robust Evidence

AbstractThe tetraploid Avena species in the section Pachycarpa Baum, including A. insularis, A. maroccana, and A. murphyi, are thought to be involved in the evolution of hexaploid oats; however, their genome designations are still being debated. Repetitive DNA sequences play an important role in genome structuring and evolution, so understanding the chromosomal organization and distribution of these sequences in Avena species could provide valuable information concerning genome evolution in this genus. In this study, the chromosomal organizations and distributions of six repetitive DNA sequences (including three SSR motifs (TTC, AAC, CAG), one 5S rRNA gene fragment, and two oat A and C genome specific repeats) were investigated using non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) in the three tetraploid species mentioned above and in two hexaploid oat species. Preferential distribution of the SSRs in centromeric regions was seen in the A and D genomes, whereas few signals were detected in the C genomes. Some intergenomic translocations were observed in the tetraploids; such translocations were also detected between the C and D genomes in the hexaploids. These results provide robust evidence for the presence of the D genome in all three tetraploids, strongly suggesting that the genomic constitution of these species is DC and not AC, as had been thought previously.

scholarly journals Post-Breeding Migration and Habitat of Unisexual Salamanders in Maine, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Hoffmann ◽  
Malcolm Hunter ◽  
Aram J. K. Calhoun ◽  
James Bogart
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Migration ◽  
Unisexual Salamanders

Genomic in situ hybridization differentiates between A/D- and C-genome chromatin and detects intergenomic translocations in polyploid oat species (genus Avena)

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Jellen ◽  
B. S. Gill ◽  
T. S. Cox
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hybridization Pattern ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Total Dna

The genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique was used to discriminate between chromosomes of the C genome and those of the A and A/D genomes in allopolyploid oat species (genus Avena). Total biotinylated DNA from A. strigosa (2n = 2x = 14, AsAs genome) was mixed with sheared, unlabelled total DNA from A. eriantha (2n = 2x = 14, CpCp) at a ratio of 1:200 (labelled to unlabelled). The resulting hybridization pattern consisted of 28 mostly labelled and 14 mostly unlabelled chromosomes in the hexaploids. Attempts to discriminate between chromosomes of the A and D genomes in A. sativa (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD) were unsuccessful using GISH. At least eight intergenomic translocation segments were detected in A. sativa 'Ogle', several of which were not observed in A. byzantina 'Kanota' (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD) or in A. sterilis CW 439-2 (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD). At least five intergenomic translocation segments were observed in A. maroccana CI 8330 'Magna' (2n = 4x = 28, AACC). In both 'Ogle' and 'Magna', positions of most of these translocations matched with C-banding patterns.Key words: Avena sativa, oat, in situ hybridization, C-banding, Avena macrostachya.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of Avena sativa L. cv. SunII and its monosomic lines using cloned repetitive DNA sequences

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Irigoyen ◽  
C Linares ◽  
E Ferrer ◽  
A Fominaya
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Fish Mapping ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) employing multiple probes was used with mitotic or meiotic chromosome spreads of Avena sativa L. cv. SunII and its monosomic lines to produce physical chromosome maps. The probes used were Avena strigosa pAs120a (which hybridizes exclusively to A-genome chromosomes), Avena murphyi pAm1 (which hybridizes exclusively to C-genome chromosomes), A. strigosa pAs121 (which hybridizes exclusively to A- and D-genome chromosomes), and the wheat rDNA probes pTa71 and pTa794. Simultaneous and sequential FISH employing two-by-two combinations of these probes allowed the unequivocal identification and genome assignation of all chromosomes. Ten pairs were found carrying intergenomic translocations: (i) between the A and C genomes (chromosome pair 5A); (ii) between the C and D genomes (pairs 1C, 2C, 4C, 10C, and 16C); and (iii) between the D and C genomes (pairs 9D, 11D, 13D, and 14D). The existence of a reciprocal intergenomic translocation (10C–14D) is also proposed. Comparing these results with those of other hexaploids, three intergenomic translocations (10C, 9D, and 14D) were found to be unique to A. sativa cv. SunII, supporting the view that 'SunII' is genetically distinct from other hexaploid Avena species and from cultivars of the A. sativa species. FISH mapping using meiotic and mitotic metaphases facilitated the genomic and chromosomal identification of the aneuploid chromosome in each monosomic line. Of the 18 analyzed, only 11 distinct monosomic lines were actually found, corresponding to 5 lines of the A genome, 2 lines of the C genome, and 4 lines of the D genome. The presence or absence of the 10C–14D interchange was also monitored in these lines.Key words: Avena sativa, monosomics, FISH mapping, genomic identification, intergenomic translocations.

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