scholarly journals Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Hd-rR Medaka Oryzias latipes: Gender Sensitivity, Thermal Threshold, Critical Period, and DMRT1 Expression Profile

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Hattori ◽  
R.J. Gould ◽  
T. Fujioka ◽  
T. Saito ◽  
J. Kurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Thermal Threshold

scholarly journals Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Turtles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Horacio Merchant-Larios ◽  
Verónica Díaz-Hernández ◽  
Diego Cortez
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Male Phenotype ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reptilian Species

The discovery in mammals that fetal testes are required in order to develop the male phenotype inspired research efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying gonadal sex determination and differentiation in vertebrates. A pioneer work in 1966 that demonstrated the influence of incubation temperature on sexual phenotype in some reptilian species triggered great interest in the environment’s role as a modulator of plasticity in sex determination. Several chelonian species have been used as animal models to test hypotheses concerning the mechanisms involved in temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). This brief review intends to outline the history of scientific efforts that corroborate our current understanding of the state-of-the-art in TSD using chelonian species as a reference.

scholarly journals Evolutionary transitions between mechanisms of sex determination in vertebrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Quinn ◽  
Stephen D. Sarre ◽  
Tariq Ezaz ◽  
Jennifer A. Marshall Graves ◽  
Arthur Georges
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Trait Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Dichotomous Outcome ◽  
Threshold Trait

Sex in many organisms is a dichotomous phenotype—individuals are either male or female. The molecular pathways underlying sex determination are governed by the genetic contribution of parents to the zygote, the environment in which the zygote develops or interaction of the two, depending on the species. Systems in which multiple interacting influences or a continuously varying influence (such as temperature) determines a dichotomous outcome have at least one threshold. We show that when sex is viewed as a threshold trait, evolution in that threshold can permit novel transitions between genotypic and temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and remarkably, between male (XX/XY) and female (ZZ/ZW) heterogamety. Transitions are possible without substantive genotypic innovation of novel sex-determining mutations or transpositions, so that the master sex gene and sex chromosome pair can be retained in ZW–XY transitions. We also show that evolution in the threshold can explain all observed patterns in vertebrate TSD, when coupled with evolution in embryonic survivorship limits.

Roles of Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) and its duplicates in sex determination and germ cell proliferation of Nile tilapia

Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyong Liu ◽  
Shengfei Dai ◽  
Jiahong Wu ◽  
Xueyan Wei ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Germ Cell Proliferation

Abstract Duplicates of amh are crucial for fish sex determination and differentiation. In Nile tilapia, unlike in other teleosts, amh is located on X chromosome. The Y chromosome amh (amh△-y) is mutated with 5 bp insertion and 233 bp deletion in the coding sequence, and tandem duplicate of amh on Y chromosome (amhy) has been identified as the sex determiner. However, the expression of amh, amh△-y and amhy, their roles in germ cell proliferation and the molecular mechanism of how amhy determines sex is still unclear. In this study, expression and functions of each duplicate were analyzed. Sex reversal occurred only when amhy was mutated as revealed by single, double and triple mutation of the three duplicates in XY fish. Homozygous mutation of amhy in YY fish also resulted in sex reversal. Earlier and higher expression of amhy/Amhy was observed in XY gonads compared with amh/Amh during sex determination. Amhy could inhibit the transcription of cyp19a1a through Amhr2/Smads signaling. Loss of cyp19a1a rescued the sex reversal phenotype in XY fish with amhy mutation. Interestingly, mutation of both amh and amhy in XY fish or homozygous mutation of amhy in YY fish resulted in infertile females with significantly increased germ cell proliferation. Taken together, these results indicated that up-regulation of amhy during the critical period of sex determination makes it the sex-determining gene, and it functions through repressing cyp19a1a expression via Amhr2/Smads signaling pathway. Amh retained its function in controlling germ cell proliferation as reported in other teleosts, while amh△-y was nonfunctionalized.

scholarly journals Measurement and modelling of primary sex ratios for species with temperature-dependent sex determination

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. jeb190215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie D. Massey ◽  
Sarah M. Holt ◽  
Ronald J. Brooks ◽  
Njal Rollinson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Temperature Dependent
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