Blood Pressure, Large Arteries and Atherosclerosis

2006 ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Frohlich ◽  
Dink Susic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Large Arteries

THE ELASTICITY OF THE LARGE ARTERIES IN HYPERTENSION

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
J. P. Adamson ◽  
J. Doupe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
Wave Velocities

Intra-arterial pressures and pulse wave velocities were measured in 18 subjects whose auscultatory diastolic pressures ranged from 45 to 120 mm. Hg. Various methods were used to lower the blood pressure in the hypertensive and to raise it in nonhypertensive subjects so that pulse wave velocities might be compared in all subjects at a common diastolic pressure. The pulse wave velocities were calculated for a diastolic pressure of 80 mm. Hg. No significant differences were found between hypertensive and nonhypertensive subjects. It was concluded that a defect of arterial elasticity as gauged by pulse wave velocity is not a factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Dynamics of nonlinear blood pressure waves in large arteries

1994 ◽  
Vol 194 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Paquerot ◽  
Michel Remoissenet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Large Arteries

An evaluation of large arteries compliance in man

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (5) ◽  
pp. H550-H554 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Simon ◽  
M. E. Safar ◽  
J. A. Levenson ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
B. I. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
K Value ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
The Relationship

Cardiac output, blood pressure, and the characteristics of diastolic pressure decay were studied in 12 normal subjects and 23 sustained hypertensive patients of the same age. In normal subjects and in hypertensives, analysis of the diastolic decay showed that i) the form of the decay approximated a simple monoexponential curve during the last two-thirds of the diastolic segment, and ii) the time constant (t) of the curve was positively correlated with the total peripheral resistance (TPR), with an intercept of nearly zero. The validity of the relationship t = K x TPR was demonstrated both in groups of patients and also in individuals. Using a simple model for the vascular system, the K value was identified as the large arteries compliance and could thus be calculated in each individual. The values of arterial compliance was 1.26 +/- 0.04 ml.mmHg-1.m-2 in normal subjects and was significantly reduced in hypertensive patients (0.88 +/- 0.02 ml.mmHg=1.m-2,. P less than 0.001).

scholarly journals Relationships between Obesity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiovascular Function

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kade Davison ◽  
Stefan Bircher ◽  
Alison Hill ◽  
Alison M. Coates ◽  
Peter R. C. Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background. Obesity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have been shown to independently increase the risk of CVD mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CRF, body fatness and markers of arterial function.Method and Results. Obese (9 male, 18 female; BMI 35.3 ± 0.9 kg·m-2) and lean (8 male, 18 female; BMI 22.5 ± 0.3 kg·m-2) volunteers were assessed for body composition (DXA), cardiorespiratory fitness (predicted max), blood pressure (BP), endothelial vasodilatator function (FMD), and arterial compliance (AC) (via radial artery tonometry). The obese group had more whole body fat and abdominal fat (43.5 ± 1.2% versus 27.2 ± 1.6%; and 48.6 ± 0.9% versus 28.9 ± 1.8%; resp.), and lower FMD (3.2 ± 0.4% versus 5.7 ± 0.7%; ) than the lean subjects, but there was no difference in AC. AC in large arteries was positively associated with CRF (; ) but not with fatness.Conclusion. These results indicate distinct influences of obesity and CRF on blood vessel health. FMD was impaired with obesity, which may contribute to arterial and metabolic dysfunction. Low CRF was associated with reduced elasticity in large arteries, which could result in augmentation of aortic afterload.

scholarly journals ESC Council on hypertension position document on the management of hypertensive emergencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert-Jan H van den Born ◽  
Gregory Y H Lip ◽  
Jana Brguljan-Hitij ◽  
Antoine Cremer ◽  
Julian Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Hypertensive Emergency ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
Hypertensive Emergencies ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Very High

Abstract Hypertensive emergencies are those situations where very high blood pressure (BP) values are associated with acute organ damage, and therefore, require immediate, but careful, BP reduction. The type of acute organ damage is the principal determinant of: (i) the drug of choice, (ii) the target BP, and (iii) the timeframe in which BP should be lowered. Key target organs are the heart, retina, brain, kidneys, and large arteries. Patients who lack acute hypertension-mediated end organ damage do not have a hypertensive emergency and can usually be treated with oral BP-lowering agents and usually discharged after a brief period of observation.

Abstract 122: 20-HETE Antagonists Normalize Large Artery Stiffness and Systolic Blood Pressure in Metabolic Syndrome

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A Soler ◽  
Ian Hunter ◽  
Gregory Joseph ◽  
Rebecca Hutcheson ◽  
Brenda Hutcheson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Elastin Degradation ◽  
Artery Stiffness

Large artery stiffness is a causal factor in development of systolic hypertension. 20-hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome CYP450-derived arachidonic acid metabolite, is known to be elevated in resistance arteries in hypertensive animal models and in obesity in humans, but the role of 20-HETE in regulation of large artery remodeling in metabolic syndrome has not been investigated. Unlike normal (Sprague-Dawley (SD)) rats, large arteries (aorta, carotid and >100μM mesenteric arteries) of metabolic syndrome rats (JCR:LA-cp, JCR) express CYP4A and 4F, CYP450s which make 20-HETE in rats (2-fold increase vs. SD). Consequently, 20-HETE production is elevated in large arteries of JCR rats. We hypothesized that this elevated 20-HETE increases matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12, an elastase) activation leading to increased degradation of elastin, increased large artery stiffness and increased systolic blood pressure. A 3-4 fold increase in 20-HETE production in large arteries of JCR vs. SD rats correlated with increased elastin degradation (3-6 fold) and increased arterial stiffness (~75%). 20-HETE antagonists blocked elastin degradation in JCR rats concomitant with blocking MMP12 activation. Importantly, 20-HETE antagonists and MMP12 inhibition (pharmacological and MMP12-shRNA-Lnv) significantly decreased (~60% vs. untreated JCR) large artery stiffness in JCR rats. 20-HETE antagonists also decreased systolic (182±3 mmHg JCR, 145±3 mmHg JCR+20-HETE antagonists) but not diastolic (125±4 mmHg JCR, 124±4 mmHg JCR+20-HETE antagonists) blood pressure in JCR rats. Whereas diastolic pressure was fully angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent, systolic pressure was only partially Ang II-dependent, and large artery stiffness in JCR rats was Ang II-independent. These results suggest that 20-HETE-dependent regulation of systolic blood pressure may be a unique feature of metabolic syndrome related to high CYP4A/4F expression and resultant high 20-HETE production in large conduit arterial stiffness, which is a primary determinant of systolic blood pressure. These findings may have implications for management of systolic hypertension in patients with metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Wortel dan Jambu Biji terhadap Penurunan Hipertensi pada Lansia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Rina Yuli Agita Devi ◽  
Frans Ndapajaki ◽  
Risca Argadhi Putri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Herbal Therapy ◽  
Large Arteries

Hypertension is a disease in someone whose medical condition has an increase in blood pressure above normal. In the elderly the basic mechanism of increasing systolic is in line with the increase in age when there is a decrease in elasticity and stretching in the large arteries. This study aims to find out how to make capsules from carrot and guava extracts and find out the effectiveness of the addition of the extract. The stages of the study included the stage of making optimal extraction using maceration techniques including taking extracts from carrots and guava which were carried out by comparing the number of feeds using 96% ethanol solution and then using the capsule making method. Of the 13 respondents given intervention in the form of herbal therapy for carrot and guava extract with the results of Sistole blood pressure (mmHg) after being given carrot and guava extract.

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