The Bovine Genome

2006 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Womack
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Genome

Strategie e strumenti per la valorizzazione delle produzioni nella filiera bovina: il fattore genoma

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
Francesco Zecca ◽  
Elisabetta Capocchi
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Working Set ◽  
Target Characteristics

The aim of the project was to examine the features involved in product quality and animal health for the purposes of genetic selection in order to achieve the best quality in each of the species and/or breeds under consideration. Among the tasks carried out the working group had to verify the socio-economic development of the most satisfactory end results as determined by the working set of genetic selections in the light of continuous advances in knowledge regarding the bovine genome. The analysis was limited to cattle as they were considered the most representative species for the purpose of the study. The study started with an analysis of the sector to investigate the proactive dynamics concerning the use of technology in the cattle industry The approach used is one which has become customary in studies examining issues in this sector related to the system of farming/livestock and which allows us to detect not only the most crucial quantitative but also qualitative aspects that exist and have been established among the various components of the system, with particular reference to the types of productive performance which are determined by the use of different technical patterns, especially those related to improvement and genetic selection. The study's aim was to follow the analytical framework of the supply chain in order to highlight important conditions that contribute to an interpretation of the key economic characteristics for the selective breeding industry under analysis. All this is due to the gradual revelation of the genetic basis of biodiversity by means of genome sequencing. Thanks to genomics, subjects to be used for propagation can be selected in terms of the target characteristics to be achieved, such as greater energy efficiency, resulting in the ability to produce better cattle feed, more resistance to disease, or a reduction in environmental impact by reducing emissions of methane gas. Regarding the methodology adopted, an examination of the context is followed by an evaluation of the most suitable production factors for the enhancement of the cattle population and the article concludes with some suggestions for possible future interventions.

Association of a region of bovine chromosome 1 (BTA1) with age at puberty in Angus bulls

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E. Fernández ◽  
Alberto Prando ◽  
Andrés Rogberg-Muñoz ◽  
Pilar Peral-García ◽  
Andrés Baldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integration Site ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
Age At Puberty ◽  
Virus Integration ◽  
Ecotropic Virus ◽  
Larger Sample

Age at puberty is an important component of reproductive performance in cattle, so it is important to identify genes that contribute to the regulation of the onset of puberty and polymorphisms that explain differences between bulls. In a previous study, we found putative associations between age at puberty in Angus bulls and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Chromosomes 1 and X. In the present work we aimed to confirm these findings in a larger sample of Angus bulls (n = 276). Four SNPs located in these regions were genotyped using SEQUENOM technology and the genotypes obtained were tested for association with age at puberty. The results showed that SNPs rs135953349 and rs110604205 on BTA1 were still significantly associated with age of puberty estimated at progressive sperm motility of 10% (P < 0.05). The association previously found on Chromosome X could not be confirmed. Analysis of the bovine genome revealed that the associated region (99.17–99.99 Mb) contained four predicted loci: myelodysplasia syndrome 1 (MDS1) and ecotropic virus integration site 1 (EVI1) complex locus (MECOM), eGF-like and EMI domain-containing 1 pseudogene-like (LOC100337483), microRNA mir-551b (MIR551B) and mCG140927-like (LOC100139843). The results obtained could contribute to the understanding of puberty regulation and could be useful for further identification and annotation of gene function in the context of reproduction.

scholarly journals The Bovine Genome Variation Database (BGVD): Integrated Web-database for Bovine Sequencing Variations and Selective Signatures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningbo Chen ◽  
Weiwei Fu ◽  
Jianbang Zhao ◽  
Jiafei Shen ◽  
Qiuming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Genome Browser ◽  
Web Database ◽  
Genome Variation ◽  
Gene Search ◽  
Variation Database ◽  
Coordinate Conversion

AbstractNext-generation sequencing has yielded a vast amount of cattle genomic data for the global characterization of population genetic diversity and the identification of regions of the genome under natural and artificial selection. However, efficient storage, querying and visualization of such large datasets remain challenging. Here, we developed a comprehensive Bovine Genome Variation Database (BGVD, http://animal.nwsuaf.edu.cn/BosVar) that provides six main functionalities: Gene Search, Variation Search, Genomic Signature Search, Genome Browser, Alignment Search Tools and the Genome Coordinate Conversion Tool. The BGVD contains information on genomic variations comprising ∼60.44 M SNPs, ∼6.86 M indels, 76,634 CNV regions and signatures of selective sweeps in 432 samples from modern cattle worldwide. Users can quickly retrieve distribution patterns of these variations for 54 cattle breeds through an interactive source of breed origin map using a given gene symbol or genomic region for any of the three versions of the bovine reference genomes (ARS-UCD1.2, UMD3.1.1, and Btau 5.0.1). Signals of selection are displayed as Manhattan plots and Genome Browser tracks. To further investigate and visualize the relationships between variants and signatures of selection, the Genome Browser integrates all variations, selection data and resources from NCBI, the UCSC Genome Browser and AnimalQTLdb. Collectively, all these features make the BGVD a useful archive for in-depth data mining and analyses of cattle biology and cattle breeding on a global scale.

EMBRYO MANIPULATION AND GENE TRANSFER IN LIVESTOCK

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. CHURCH ◽  
F. J. SCHAUFELE ◽  
K. MECKLING
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Livestock Species

In the past few years significant progress has been made in manipulation of reproduction and in development of genetic engineering techniques which can be applied to animal species. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are now used widely in the livestock industry. The advent of non-surgical embryo collection and transfer, embryo freezing and splitting along with estrus synchronization has allowed the industry to move from the laboratory to the farm. Embryo manipulation now involves embryo splitting to produce monozygotic twins, in vitro fertilization, cross-species fertilization, embryo sexing, and chimeric production of tetraparental animals among others. Advances in recombinant DNA, plasmid construction and embryo manipulation technologies allow the production of genetically engineered animals. The application of recombinant DNA technology involves the isolation and manipulation of desired genes which have potential for significant changes in productivity in genetically engineered livestock. Recombinant DNA constructs involve the coupling of promoter, enhancer, regulatory and structural DNA sequences to form a "fusion gene" which can then be multiplied, purified, assayed and expressed in cell culture prior to being introduced into an animal genome. Such DNA gene constructs are readily available for many human and mouse genes. However, they are not readily available for livestock species because the detailed molecular biology has not yet been established in these species. Gene transfer offers a powerful new tool in animal research. Transfer of genes into the bovine genome has been accomplished. However, successful directed expression of these incorporated genes has not been achieved to date. New combinations of fusion genes may be an effective way of producing transgenic domestic animals which show controlled expression of the desired genes. Embryo manipulation and genetic engineering in livestock species is moving rapidly. The problems being addressed at present in numerous laboratories will result in enhanced livestock production in the not too distant future. Key words: Embryo transfer, embryo manipulation, transgenic livestock, genetic engineering, gene transfer, monozygotic twins

Control of pathogenesis in African animal trypanosomiasis: a search for answers at ILRAD, ILCA and ILRI, 1975-2018.

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-147
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Black
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Snp Map ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
Immunological Research ◽  
Animal Trypanosomiasis

Abstract This book chapter describes the management of animal trypanosomiasis: (i) vector control/eradication; (ii) use of trypanocides; and (iii) use of trypanotolerant breeds of cattle. Vector control includes reducing the tsetse fly population with traps and insecticides, and in areas with a high population of trypanosome infected tsetse, animals are prophylactically administered antiparasitic drugs. To date, there is no AAT vaccine available, as discussed below. While disappointing with respect to AAT control, studies of AAT pathogenesis at ILRAD/ILRI did identify the definitive question for immunological research on AAT, namely, how do trypanosomes eliminate TD antibody responses in trypanosomiasis-susceptible mammals? In addition, the work at ILRI on the genetic basis of trypanotolerance contributed a high-density singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map of the bovine genome that has intrinsic value for analysis of QTLs that control other traits, including susceptibility to other diseases.

In Silico Analysis of HSP70 Gene Family in Bovine Genome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabita Tripathy ◽  
Monika Sodhi ◽  
R. S. Kataria ◽  
Meenu Chopra ◽  
Manishi Mukesh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Hsp70 Gene ◽  
Silico Analysis
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