Influence of Inflated Lung Pressure on Lung Mechanical Properties during Cold Storage in Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Ikeyama ◽  
Hiroaki Sakai ◽  
Mitsugu Omasa ◽  
Hiroshi Hamakawa ◽  
Takayuki Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Inflated Lung

Effect of Cold Storage on Mechanical Properties of Aorta

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijia Zhao ◽  
John Lof ◽  
Shelby Kutty ◽  
Linxia Gu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Uniaxial Tension ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Circumferential Direction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Tension Tests

Aortic allografts have been widely used in treatments of congenital heart diseases with satisfactory clinical outcomes. They were usually cryopreserved and stored for surgical use. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of cold storage on mechanical properties of aorta, since the compliance mismatch was one important factor associated with the complication after graft surgery. The segments of porcine descending aorta were divided into two groups: the fresh samples which were tested within 24 hours after harvesting served as control group, and frozen samples which were stored in −20°C for 7 days and then thawed. The uniaxial tension tests along circumferential direction and indentation tests were conducted. The average incremental elastic moduli within each stretch range were obtained from the experimental data obtained during tension tests, and the elastic moduli were also calculated by fitting the force-indentation depth data to Hertz model when the tissue was stretched at 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6. In addition, the average incremental elastic moduli of both fresh and frozen aortic tissue along axial direction were also obtained by using uniaxial tension tests. The comparison showed that cold storage definitely increased the average incremental elastic modulus of the aortic tissue along circumferential direction; however, the difference is not significant for the elastic moduli along axial direction.

Physico-mechanical properties of potato tubers during cold storage

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bentini ◽  
C. Caprara ◽  
R. Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Potato Tubers

Effects of unilateral hyperinflation on the interpulmonary distribution of pleural pressure

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1650-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Hubmayr ◽  
S. S. Margulies
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Surface Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Pleural Pressure ◽  
Liquid Pressure ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Inflated Lung

Motivated by single lung transplantation, we studied the mechanics of the chest wall during single lung inflations in recumbent dogs and baboons and determined how pleural pressure (Ppl) is coupled between the hemithoraces. In one set of experiments, the distribution of Ppl was inferred from known volumes and elastic properties of each lung. In a second set of experiments, costal pleural liquid pressure (Pplcos) was measured with rib capsules. Both methods revealed that the increase in Ppl over the ipsilateral or inflated lung (delta Ppli) is greater than that over the contralateral or noninflated lung (delta Pplc). Mean d(delta Pplc)/d(delta Ppli) and its 95% confidence interval was 0.7 +/- 0.1 in dogs and 0.5 +/- 0.1 in baboons. In a third set of experiments in three dogs and three baboons, we prevented sternal displacement and exposed the abdominal diaphragm to atmospheric pressure during unilateral lung inflation. These interventions had no significant effect on Ppl coupling between the hemithoraces. We conclude that lungs of unequal size and mechanical properties need not be exposed to the same surface pressure, because thoracic midline structures and the lungs themselves resist displacement and deformation.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Apple Skin Are Determined by Epidermis and Hypodermis

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu P. Khanal ◽  
Moritz Knoche
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Unit Surface ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Mechanical failure of the fruit skin is an early event in the etiology of the disorders russeting and skin spots in a number of apple cultivars including ‘Elstar’ (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). The objective was to quantify the mechanical properties of excised epidermal segments (ES) of fruit skin and of enzymatically isolated cuticular membranes (CM) using uniaxial tensile tests. ES thickness ranged from 0.25 to 1.8 mm because thin ES samples of more uniform thickness are difficult to prepare. Sample values for stiffness (S), maximum force () and strain at () were recorded. Measured values were adjusted by regression to refer to a hypothetical standard ES of 0.5 mm thickness. Generally, S and values were positively related to ES thickness during the preharvest period from 51 to 141 days after full bloom (DAFB) and during the postharvest period from 141 to 259 DAFB in cold storage (1.7 °C, 92% relative humidity). The recorded were independent of ES thickness. The S of a standardized ES decreased slightly from 51 to 90 DAFB, then increased up to 161 DAFB, and then declined. There were essentially no differences in S recorded for isolated CM and ES. The and were highest in young fruit at 51 DAFB but decreased steadily toward harvest and continued to decrease in cold storage after harvest but at a lower rate. The and were markedly lower for CM samples than for ES ones. Monitoring the increased incidence of CM microcracking during a tensile test performed on an ES revealed that CM failure preceded ES failure. The decrease in the for ES during fruit development was accounted for in part by a decrease in the mass of cell wall per unit surface area. Our results show that the epidermal and hypodermal cell layers represent the structural backbone of an apple skin during pre- and postharvest development. Furthermore, CM microcracking has limited relevance to the overall mechanical properties of the skin.

Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

Effects of cooling rate on the mechanical properties of dual phase treated vanadium steels

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
H.C. Cheng ◽  
J.R. Gong ◽  
J.G. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Potential Weight

For fuel savings as well as energy and resource requirement, high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) are of particular interest to automobile industry because of the potential weight reduction which can be achieved by using thinner section of these steels to carry the same load and thus to improve the fuel mileage. Dual phase treatment has been utilized to obtain superior strength and ductility combinations compared to the HSLA of identical composition. Recently, cooling rate following heat treatment was found to be important to the tensile properties of the dual phase steels. In this paper, we report the results of the investigation of cooling rate on the microstructures and mechanical properties of several vanadium HSLA steels.The steels with composition (in weight percent) listed below were supplied by China Steel Corporation: 1. low V steel (0.11C, 0.65Si, 1.63Mn, 0.015P, 0.008S, 0.084Aℓ, 0.004V), 2. 0.059V steel (0.13C, 0.62S1, 1.59Mn, 0.012P, 0.008S, 0.065Aℓ, 0.059V), 3. 0.10V steel (0.11C, 0.58Si, 1.58Mn, 0.017P, 0.008S, 0.068Aℓ, 0.10V).

Lattice Imaging of Grain Boundaries in Ceramics

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
D. R. Clarke ◽  
G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Refractory Ceramics

Grain boundaries have long held a special significance to ceramicists. In part, this has been because it has been impossible until now to actually observe the boundaries themselves. Just as important, however, is the fact that the grain boundaries and their environs have a determing influence on both the mechanisms by which powder compaction occurs during fabrication, and on the overall mechanical properties of the material. One area where the grain boundary plays a particularly important role is in the high temperature strength of hot-pressed ceramics. This is a subject of current interest as extensive efforts are being made to develop ceramics, such as silicon nitride alloys, for high temperature structural applications. In this presentation we describe how the techniques of lattice fringe imaging have made it possible to study the grain boundaries in a number of refractory ceramics, and illustrate some of the findings.

Electron Microscopic Observation of the Longitudinal Organization of Poly (p-Phenylene Terephthalamide) Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Li Li-Sheng ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aromatic Polyamides ◽  
Radial Arrangement ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

The aromatic polyamides form a class of fibers having mechanical properties which are much better than those of aliphatic polyamides. Currently, the accepted morphology of these fibers as proposed by M.G. Dobb, et al. is a radial arrangement of pleated sheets, with the plane of the pleats parallel to the axis of the fiber. We have recently obtained evidence which supports a different morphology of this type of fiber, using ultramicrotomy and ion-thinning techniques to prepare specimens for transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

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