Recent Advances in Obesity: Adiposity Signaling and Fat Metabolism in Energy Homeostasis

2006 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Aja ◽  
Timothy H. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Lipoprotein Lipase Overexpression in Skeletal Muscle Attenuates Weight Regain by Potentiating Energy Expenditure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
David M Presby ◽  
Michael C Rudolph ◽  
Vanessa D Sherk ◽  
Matthew R Jackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Moderate weight loss improves numerous risk factors for cardiometabolic disease; however, long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM) is often thwarted by metabolic adaptations that suppress energy expenditure and facilitate weight regain. Skeletal muscle has a prominent role in energy homeostasis; therefore, we investigated the effect of WLM and weight regain on skeletal muscle in rodents. In skeletal muscle of obesity-prone rats, WLM reduced fat oxidative capacity and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism. Interestingly, even after weight was regained, genes involved in fat metabolism genes were also reduced. We then subjected mice with skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase overexpression (mCK-hLPL), which augments fat metabolism, to WLM and weight regain and found that mCK-hLPL attenuates weight regain by potentiating energy expenditure. Irrespective of genotype, weight regain suppressed dietary fat oxidation and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, mCK-hLPL mice oxidized more fat throughout weight regain and had greater expression of genes involved in fat metabolism and lower expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism during WLM and regain. In summary, these results suggest that skeletal muscle fat oxidation is reduced during WLM and regain, and therapies that improve skeletal muscle fat metabolism may attenuate rapid weight regain.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms and Genome-Wide Aspects of PPAR Subtype Specific Transactivation

PPAR Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bugge ◽  
Susanne Mandrup
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Subtype Specificity ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are central regulators of fat metabolism, energy homeostasis, proliferation, and inflammation. The three PPAR subtypes, PPAR, /, and activate overlapping but also very different target gene programs. This review summarizes the insights into PPAR subtype-specific transactivation provided by genome-wide studies and discusses the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PPAR subtype specificity with special focus on the regulatory role of AF-1.

scholarly journals Energy Homeostasis, Obesity and Eating Disorders: Recent Advances in Endocrinology

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gale Susan ◽  
V Daniel Castracane ◽  
S Christos
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Energy Homeostasis, Obesity and Eating Disorders: Recent Advances in Endocrinology

2004 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Gale ◽  
V. Daniel Castracane ◽  
Christos S. Mantzoros
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Lipoprotein Lipase Overexpression in Skeletal Muscle Attenuates Weight Regain by Potentiating Energy Expenditure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
David M Presby ◽  
Michael C Rudolph ◽  
Vanessa D Sherk ◽  
Matthew R Jackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Moderate weight loss improves numerous risk factors for cardiometabolic disease; however, long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM) is often thwarted by metabolic adaptations that suppress energy expenditure and facilitate weight regain. Skeletal muscle has a prominent role in energy homeostasis; therefore, we investigated the effect of WLM and weight regain on skeletal muscle in rodents. In skeletal muscle of obesity-prone rats, WLM reduced fat oxidative capacity and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism. Interestingly, even after weight was regained, genes involved in fat metabolism genes were also reduced. We then subjected mice with skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase overexpression (mCK-hLPL), which augments fat metabolism, to WLM and weight regain and found that mCK-hLPL attenuates weight regain by potentiating energy expenditure. Irrespective of genotype, weight regain suppressed dietary fat oxidation and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, mCK-hLPL mice oxidized more fat throughout weight regain and had greater expression of genes involved in fat metabolism and lower expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism during WLM and regain. In summary, these results suggest that skeletal muscle fat oxidation is reduced during WLM and regain, and therapies that improve skeletal muscle fat metabolism may attenuate rapid weight regain.

Microarray Analysis of the Infrapatellar Fat Pad in Knee Osteoarthritis: Relationship with Joint Inflammation

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1966-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAJIV GANDHI ◽  
MARK TAKAHASHI ◽  
CARL VIRTANEN ◽  
KHALID SYED ◽  
J. RODERICK DAVEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Infrapatellar Fat Pad ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Early Oa ◽  
Fat Pads

Objective.To examine differences in genes involved in fat metabolism, energy homeostasis, adipogenesis, and inflammation between endstage and early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) infrapatellar fat pads (IFP).Methods.Twenty-nine endstage and 5 early-stage primary OA IFP were harvested at knee surgery. Total RNA was extracted, labeled, and hybridized to whole-genome expression arrays. Unsupervised analysis of all samples using principal components analysis or 2-way hierarchical clustering showed groupings based on tissue source and disease. Statistical testing identified sets of genes that displayed differences between the 2 fat types. Western blot analysis was performed for protein expression of an identified gene of interest.Results.The 29 IFP demonstrated an elevation in the expression of adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin. A statistically significant increased expression was seen for genes of adipogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), cluster of differentiation (CD36), and thyroid hormone responsive spot (THRSP) in the severe OA fat pads as compared to the controls. A subset of 5 patients in the endstage OA group were consistently similar in gene expression to early OA tissue. Protein expression of PPAR-γ2 was 5.4-fold and PPAR-γ1 was 1.4-fold greater in endstage versus early OA tissue.Conclusion.Endstage OA fat pads demonstrated a significant upregulation of genes for fat metabolism and energy homeostasis and a mixed result for inflammatory cytokines.

Recent Advances in High Dispersion Spectroscopy of Globular Cluster Stars

1988 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
Raffaele G. Gratton
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Photographic Material ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Metal Abundances ◽  
Ccd Detectors ◽  
Major Progress

The use CCD detectors has allowed a major progress in abundance derivations for globular cluster stars in the last years. Abundances deduced from high dispersion spectra now correlates well with other abundance indicators. I discuss some problems concerning the derivation of accurate metal abundances for globular clusters using high dispersion spectra from both the old photographic and the most recent CCD data. The discrepant low abundances found by Cohen (1980), from photographic material for M71 giants, are found to be due to the use of too high microturbulences.

Chelation-assisted transition metal-catalysed C–H chalcogenylations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Ma ◽  
Nikolaos Kaplaneris ◽  
Xinyue Fang ◽  
Linghui Gu ◽  
Ruhuai Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Site Selectivity ◽  
Transition Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

This review summarizes recent advances in C–S and C–Se formations via transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization utilizing directing groups to control the site-selectivity.

Nucleosome dynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Stockdale ◽  
Michael Bruno ◽  
Helder Ferreira ◽  
Elisa Garcia-Wilson ◽  
Nicola Wiechens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Nucleosome Dynamics ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Chromatin Structure And Dynamics

In the 30 years since the discovery of the nucleosome, our picture of it has come into sharp focus. The recent high-resolution structures have provided a wealth of insight into the function of the nucleosome, but they are inherently static. Our current knowledge of how nucleosomes can be reconfigured dynamically is at a much earlier stage. Here, recent advances in the understanding of chromatin structure and dynamics are highlighted. The ways in which different modes of nucleosome reconfiguration are likely to influence each other are discussed, and some of the factors likely to regulate the dynamic properties of nucleosomes are considered.

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

1950 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1363-1380
Author(s):  
Theodore L. Badger ◽  
William E. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Recent Advances
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