Glutathione and Ascorbic Acid Enhance Recovery of Guinea Pig Spinal Cord White Matter Following Ischemia and Acrolein Exposure

Pathobiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Peasley Logan ◽  
Steven Parker ◽  
Riyi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Guinea Pig

A Compressible, Transversely Isotropic, Hyperelastic Constitutive Model of the Guinea Pig Spinal Cord White Matter

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Galle ◽  
Hui Ouyang ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Eric A. Nauman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Tissue Compression

Slow compression spinal cord injuries occur when the spinal canal narrows, the consequence of degenerative, infective, or oncologic legion growth, and exerts pressure throughout the spinal cord. Transverse tissue compression results in an amalgamation of mechanical insults at the cellular level [1]. However, the mechanism of cellular injury has yet to be elucidated. We have recently developed a hyperelastic, isotropic plane strain finite element model (FEM) of the guinea pig spinal cord white matter response to transverse compression based on force-deformation curves measured in vitro. The strongest correlation with in vitro axonal injury density was the combination of the in-plane shear stress with the in- and out-of-plane normal stresses quantified using the FEM [2]. However, we hypothesize that the guinea pig spinal cord white matter is a transversely isotropic material. Material anisotropy must be incorporated into the FEM to achieve enhanced model accuracy, specifically, the prediction of axial stresses within the spinal cord parenchyma during transverse tissue compression. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to propose a compressible, transversely isotropic, hyperelastic constitutive model of the guinea pig spinal cord white matter.

scholarly journals II. On out-lying nerve-cells in the mammalian spinal-cord

1890 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Lateral Column ◽  
Axis Cylinder ◽  
Central Grey Matter ◽  
Ventral Roots

To describe the ganglion-cells of the Mammalian spinal cord as confined to the grey substance of the cord is not quite strictly correct. Beisso was the first to draw attention to the fact, that apart from axis-cylinder processes which pass into the ventral roots from cells of the ventral cornu, there project also from those cells of the cornu which lie next the white column other branches to mingle with the fibres of the bundles of the ventral nerve-roots. The ganglion-cells of the grey matter often, by one or more of their processes, jut partially into the white matter. The descriptions of Beisso, Pick, and Schiefferdecker have further shown that in certain situations in the anterior and lateral columns, ganglion-cells lie outside the grey substance in the surrounding white matter. Since Gaskell, in 1885, drew attention to the ganglion-cells in the cord of Alligator, lying at the periphery of the antero-lateral column, and, of course, quite removed from the central grey matter, I have often searched in the cord of the Mammalia for evidence of similarly situated cells; always, however, without success. The search has, however, persuaded me that isolated ganglion-cells are no infrequent constituents of the white columns. The cords examined by me have been chiefly those of Man, the Monkey (Bonnet, Jew, and Rhesus), and the Dog. A number of sections have also been prepared from the Cat, Lion, Calf, Bat, Mouse, Rabbit, and Guinea-pig. The out-lying ganglion-cells in the white matter may conveniently be considered in three sections, according as their situation is within the anterior (ventral), the lateral, or the posterior (dorsal) white column respectively.

A transversely isotropic constitutive model of excised guinea pig spinal cord white matter

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 2839-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Galle ◽  
Hui Ouyang ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Eric Nauman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Transversely Isotropic

Novel Potassium Channel Blocker, 4-AP-3-MeOH, Inhibits Fast Potassium Channels and Restores Axonal Conduction in Injured Guinea Pig Spinal Cord White Matter

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Sun ◽  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Yan Fu ◽  
Ji-Xin Cheng ◽  
Steven Bryn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Conduction Block ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Conduction Loss ◽  
Axonal Conduction ◽  
Cord Injury

We have demonstrated that 4-aminopyridine-3-methanol (4-AP-3-MeOH), a 4-aminopyridine derivative, significantly restores axonal conduction in stretched spinal cord white-matter strips and shows no preference in restoring large and small axons. This compound is 10 times more potent when compared with 4-AP and other derivatives in restoring axonal conduction. Unlike 4-AP, 4-AP-3-MeOH can restore axonal conduction without changing axonal electrophysiological properties. In addition, we also have confirmed that 4-AP-3-MeOH is indeed an effective blocker of IA based on patch-clamp studies using guinea pig dorsal root ganglia cells. Furthermore, we have also provided the critical evidence to confirm the unmasking of potassium channels following mechanical injury. Taken together, our data further supports and implicates the role of potassium channels in conduction loss and its therapeutic value as an effective target for intervention to restore function in spinal cord trauma. Furthermore, due to its high potency and possible low side effect of impacting electrophysiological properties, 4-AP-3-MeOH is perhaps the optimal choice in reversing conduction block in spinal cord injury compared with other derivatives previously reported from this group.

Localization of fibrinolytic activity and inhibition of plasmin in the spinal cord of rat, guinea pig, and rabbit

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Smokovitis ◽  
Tage Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Additional Area ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Fibrinolytic activity (caused by a plasminogen activator) in the spinal cord was highest in the rat, lowest in the rabbit, and intermediate in the guinea pig. In all species the activity was highest in relation to the pia mater. The central spinal canal was active in the rat and the rabbit, but mostly inactive in the guinea pig. Foci of activity were more numerous in the gray matter than in the white matter corresponding to the greater vascularity of the former. In all species ability to inhibit plasmin was related mainly to the gray matter, with an additional area related to the dura mater. The high fibrinolytic activity of the spinal leptomeninges may play a role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic processes related to the spinal cord.

Biomechanics of Spinal Cord Injury: A Multimodal Investigation Using Ex Vivo Guinea Pig Spinal Cord White Matter

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ouyang ◽  
Beth Galle ◽  
Jianming Li ◽  
Eric Nauman ◽  
Riyi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cord Injury
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