The Genetic Basis of Substance Use and Abuse1

2005 ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Kristen C. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Genetic Basis

Identification of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Pedigrees and Substance Use Disorder Pedigrees Through an ADHD Proband Sample

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Amy Bauer ◽  
Ranga Ram ◽  
Kim M. Schindler ◽  
Michele T. Pato ◽  
Fabio Macciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
Genetic Risks ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

AbstractSubstance use disorder (SUD) pedigrees identified through an attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) proband may be helpful in teasing apart the genetic risks for both ADHD and SUD (ie, alcohol or drug use). Pedigrees segregating for both SUD and ADHD may represent a subset of both of these common disorders that share a related genetic basis. We determined the number of SUD and ADHD pedigrees in a sample of 175 ADHD probands. We found 52 ADHD pedigrees, indicating that at least 29.7% were familial cases. We also found 50 SUD pedigrees; 13 families contained both an alcohol and a drug pedigree, 35 families were alcohol-only pedigrees, and two families were drug-only pedigrees. The incidence of drug-only pedigrees is significantly higher (P<0.01) in families with familial ADHD. This was also true for families with both drug and alcohol pedigrees (P<0.01). The total number of SUD pedigrees and the families with alcohol-alone pedigrees were not significantly different in ADHD pedigrees compared with nonfamilial ADHD families.

Sensation Seeking

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Grant Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Risky Sex ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
International Context ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Grouped Variables

Sensation seeking is a biologically based personality trait that is characterized by the need to seek a variety of sensations and experiences and the willingness to take risks to achieve them. There is a large volume of literature on sensation seeking that delineates important conceptual and operational distinctions, including several prominent measures of sensation seeking. Issues related to research design and data analysis include whether researchers treat sensation seeking as an independent or dependent variable, use total scale versus subscale scores in analyses, treat scores as continuous or grouped variables, and consider demographic variables in their analyses. Research may relate sensation seeking to a range of behaviors, from maladaptive behaviors such as substance use and risky sex to more neutral or even adaptive behaviors such as preferences for music and art or preferences for certain careers. Research may establish a genetic basis for sensation seeking and/or associate sensation seeking with neurological and physiological responsiveness. Research also explores the associations of sensation seeking to perceptions of risk, as well as the sex and age of individuals and groups in an international context.

Personality and Substance Use Disorders

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Littlefield ◽  
Kenneth J. Sher
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
The Life Course

Individual differences in personality have long been linked to the use and misuse of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs. Broadly, personality characteristics of high neuroticism and behavioral undercontrol/impulsivity appear to robustly relate to several substance use disorders (SUDs), although other traits have also been linked to SUDs. Much of the genetic basis of SUDs appears to be mediated by personality traits, which may relate to SUDs through a variety of non-mutually exclusive mechanisms that may work additively and synergistically, are indexed by various motivations associated with reward seeking and regulating negative emotion, and also relate to self-control and environment selection. Considerable change occurs in personality over the life course, and recent data show that the course of substance use and SUDs is associated with personality change. Although much progress has been made, several lines of future research could be pursued to further our understanding of the personality–SUD relation.

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