Variability of the chromosomal distribution of Ty3-gypsy retrotransposons in the populations of two wild Triticeae species

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Belyayev ◽  
O. Raskina ◽  
E. Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Wild Triticeae ◽  
Triticeae Species

Ac-like transposons in populations of wild diploid Triticeae species: comparative analysis of chromosomal distribution

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahu Altinkut ◽  
Violetta Kotseruba ◽  
Valery M. Kirzhner ◽  
Eviatar Nevo ◽  
Olga Raskina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Triticeae Species

Genus-specific localization of the TaiI family of tandem-repetitive sequences in either the centromeric or subtelomeric regions in Triticeae species (Poaceae) and its evolution in wheat

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 946-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kishii ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Triticeae Species ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
Mixed Origin ◽  
Subtelomeric Regions

The TaiI family sequences are classified as tandem repetitive DNA sequences present in the genome of tribe Triticeae, and are localized in the centromeric regions of common wheat, but in the subtelomeric heterochromatic regions of Leymus racemosus and related species. In this study, we investigated the chromosomal distribution of TaiI family sequences in other Triticeae species. The results demonstrated a centromeric localization in genera Triticum and Aegilops and subtelomeric localization in other genera, thus showing a genus-dependent localization of TaiI family sequences in one or the other region. The copy numbers of TaiI family sequences in species in the same genus varied greatly, whether in the centromeric or subtelomeric regions (depending on genus). We also examined the evolution of TaiI family sequences during polyploidization of hexaploid common wheat. A comparison of chromosomal locations of the major TaiI family signals in common wheat and in its ancestral species suggested that the centromeric TaiI family sequences in common wheat were inherited from its ancestors with little modification, whereas a mixed origin for the B genome of common wheat was indicated.Key words: TaiI family, tandem repeat, centromere, subtelomere, Triticeae.

The in vivo distribution and dynamics of DNA topoisomerase II in Drosophila embryonic nuclei and chromosomes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Jason R. Swedlow ◽  
Neil Osheroff ◽  
Tim Karr ◽  
John W. Sedat ◽  
David A. Agard
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Dnase Treatment

DNA topoisomerase II is an ATP-dependent double-stranded DNA strand-passing enzyme that is necessary for full condensation of chromosomes and for complete segregation of sister chromatids at mitosis in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical characterization of chromosomes or nuclei after extraction with high-salt or detergents and DNAse treatment showed that topoisomerase II was a major component of this remnant, termed the chromosome scaffold. The scaffold has been hypothesized to be the structural backbone of the chromosome, so the localization of topoisomerase II to die scaffold suggested that the enzyme might play a structural role in the chromosome. However, topoisomerase II has not been studied in nuclei or chromosomes in vivo. We have monitored the chromosomal distribution of topoisomerase II in vivo during mitosis in the Drosophila embryo. This embryo forms a multi-nucleated syncytial blastoderm early in its developmental cycle. During this time, the embryonic nuclei synchronously progress through 13 mitotic cycles, so this is an ideal system to follow nuclear and chromosomal dynamics.

Analysis of Inter-Chromosomal Distribution of Disease-Related Genes in Human Genome

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1068-1077
Author(s):  
Xiaochao Sun ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Qunye Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Deletion Mutations ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Disease Related Genes

: Many studies have shown that the spatial distribution of genes within a single chromosome exhibits distinct patterns. However, little is known about the characteristics of inter-chromosomal distribution of genes (including protein-coding genes, processed transcripts and pseudogenes) in different genomes. In this study, we explored these issues using the available genomic data of both human and model organisms. Moreover, we also analyzed the distribution pattern of protein-coding genes that have been associated with 14 common diseases and the insert/deletion mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms detected by whole genome sequencing in an acute promyelocyte leukemia patient. We obtained the following novel findings. Firstly, inter-chromosomal distribution of genes displays a nonstochastic pattern and the gene densities in different chromosomes are heterogeneous. This kind of heterogeneity is observed in genomes of both lower and higher species. Secondly, protein-coding genes involved in certain biological processes tend to be enriched in one or a few chromosomes. Our findings have added new insights into our understanding of the spatial distribution of genome and disease- related genes across chromosomes. These results could be useful in improving the efficiency of disease-associated gene screening studies by targeting specific chromosomes.

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