Ultrapure Dialysis Fluid – Direct and Indirect Benefits in Dialysis Therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Ledebo
Keyword(s):  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Dialysis Therapy ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Direct And Indirect Benefits

scholarly journals The sustainability of cooperative intelligence as an alternative to the small and medium-sized cities, the disposal of municipal solid waste for power generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Carlos Alves ◽  
Isabella Françoso Rebutini Figueira ◽  
Aguinaldo Ferreira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
The People ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Direct And Indirect Benefits

The purpose of the research is to present to the Brazilian municipalities, in particular, to the people of Paraná, a methodology for the formation of municipalities public consortia, in order to assist them to comply with federal legislation regarding the National Program for the Management of Urban Solid Waste. In this context, the survey outlined the consortium structure in Brazil, as well as the conventional systematics of the management of Urban Solid Waste, as well as its destination and reuse, as well as evaluating successful initiatives in other nations. Allied to this, the research also proposes to evaluate two technologies for the destination and treatment of Urban Solid Waste. The character of the evaluation is to analyze, identify and compare results between them. The project focused on a traditional technology that is the landfill and in another that is an innovative technology, which is gasification. The focus of the research is to highlight the importance of cooperative intelligence, especially when there are common problems, in the search for joint solutions, as well as to present technological alternatives that, in addition to providing a solution to the problem of management and destination of Urban Solid Waste, can contribute to The achievement of direct and indirect benefits, both in the environmental, social and economic sphere, the basis of sustainability. For that, the work had as methodological reference the realization of technical visits in both the Cascavel Sanitary Landfill, in the State of Paraná, as well as in the Carbogás Pilot Project in Mauá, State of São Paulo. The results obtained consisted in the presentation of a referential methodology for the formation of municipalities Consortia, as well as comparative results among the technological models that can aid in decision making.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN DAN PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI LAUT DAERAH GILI SULAT DAN GILI LAWANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Hakim Miftakhul Huda ◽  
Yesi Dewita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Direct And Indirect Benefits

Tingginya intensitas aktivitas penangkapan ikan telah menyebabkan degradasi sumber daya ikan pada beberapa daerah penangkapan ikan. Salah satu langkah untuk menjaga keberlanjutan dan meminimalkan degradasi sumber daya ikan adalah membentuk kawasan konservasi laut daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah (KKLD) Gili Sulat-Gili Lawang, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode valuasi ekonomi sumber daya untuk menganalisis gabungan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total nilai manfaat KKLD Gili Sulat-Gili Lawang adalah Rp 8,99 milyar per tahun yang meliputi manfaat langsung dan tidak langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengelolaan terhadap KKLD ditinjau dari biaya, aktor atau pelaku dan aktivitas pengelolaan sampai saat ini belum optimal. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya menyusun strategi pengelolaan yang tepat untuk mengoptimalkan maksud dan tujuan dibentuknya KKLD. Tittle:  Utilization and Management of The Gili Sulat and The Gili Lawang Regional Marine Conservation Area.Highly intensive of fishing activities lead to degradation of fish resources in some fishing grounds. One effort to maintain sustainability of fish resources and minimize its degradation is to establish local marine conservation areas. This study aims to analyze utilization and management of Gili Sulat-Gili Lawang local marine conservation areas (or locally known as KKLD) in Wes Nusa Tenggara Province. This study applies economic valuation methods to analyze combination of primary and secondary data. Results of this study show that annual total benefit values of Gili Sulat-Gili Gili Lawang KKLD is IDR 8,99 billion which includes direct and indirect benefits. In terms of costs, actors and management activities, current management of KKLD is less optimal. Therefore, this study recommends to develop appropriate management strategies to optimize the purposes of KKLD establishment.

Refugee Academics from Chile: WUS‐SPSL Collaboration

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Phillips
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Direct And Indirect Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter describes the author's contacts with the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL) in the 1970s when, as the Secretary of the World University of Students (WUS), he worked closely with Esther Simpson and the SPSL in finding support in the universities for the refugees from Pinochet's Chile. Scholarship and bursary programmes were established for Chilean academics and students, which had many direct and indirect benefits for Chilean and later other refugees coming to the United Kingdom. The relationship that had begun between WUS and SPSL through the links with Esther Simpson and Lord Ashby, then Chairman of SPSL and also Vice-President of WUS, was strengthened through the collaborative work undertaken by the two organizations. Mutual trust and community of purpose led in due course to a compact between the SPSL and WUS, which assured the continuation of the SPSL as an independent body.

Fieldwork Education: To Charge or Not to Charge?

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol H I Walker ◽  
Filao M Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Health Authority ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Service Unit ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
Direct And Indirect Benefits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

This article examines the arguments for and against charging for occupational therapy fieldwork education. Managers see advantages in separating the cost of education from service costs, but evidence from a study into the costs and benefits of student placements, undertaken by the Department of Occupational Therapy at the University College of Ripon & York St John in collaboration with the Yorkshire Regional Health Authority, highlights some of the disadvantages. A major finding of this study is that students bring both direct and indirect benefits to the service unit in which they are placed.

scholarly journals Conflict between direct and indirect benefits of female choice in desert Drosophila

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elen Oneal ◽  
Tim Connallon ◽  
L Lacey Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Desiccation Stress ◽  
Direct Benefit ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Indirect Fitness ◽  
Direct And Indirect Benefits ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
The Cost

Identifying the factors that contribute to the adaptive significance of mating preferences is one major goal of evolutionary research and is largely unresolved. Both direct and indirect benefits can contribute to mate choice evolution. Failure to consider the interaction between individual consequences of mate choice may obscure the opposing effects of individual costs and benefits. We investigate direct and indirect fitness effects of female choice in a desert fly ( Drosophila mojavensis ), a species where mating confers resistance to desiccation stress. Females prefer males that provide a direct benefit: greater resistance to desiccation stress. Mating preferences also appear to have indirect consequences: daughters of preferred males have lower reproductive success than daughters of unpreferred males, although additional experimentation will be needed to determine if the indirect consequences of female preferences actually arise from ‘sexually antagonistic’ variation. Nevertheless, the results are intriguing and are consistent with the hypothesis that an interaction between direct and indirect benefits maintains sexually antagonistic variation in these desert flies: increased desiccation resistance conferred by mating might offset the cost of producing low-fecundity daughters.

scholarly journals VALUASI EKONOMI MANFAAT LANGSUNG DAN TIDAK LANGSUNG KAWASAN WADUK CENGKLIK, KABUPATEN BOYOLALI, JAWA TENGAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Yosua Sandro ◽  
Suradi Wijaya Saputra ◽  
Dian Wijayanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Direct Benefit ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Benefits

ABSTRAK Sumberdaya Waduk Cengklik merupakan sebuah waduk wisata yang terdapat di Desa Ngargorejo, Boyolali. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2016 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai manfaat langsung dan tidak langsung kawasan Waduk Cengklik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan besarnya nilai manfaat langsung dan tidak langsung Waduk Cengklik.Waduk Cengklik memiliki banyak peran penting dari sektor ekologi dan ekonominya. Manfaat Nilai Ekonomi dari Waduk Cengklik dapat ditinjau dari manfaat langsung dan tidak langung. Untuk menganalisis pemanfaatan waduk mengenai hasil valuasi ekonomi digunakan beberapa metode yaitu metode penilaian harga pasar untuk sektor perikanan tangkap, metode biaya perjalanan untuk sektor pariwisata, metode Market Price Method untuk sektor air bersih. Metode penentuan responden menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk perikanan tangkap, convenience sampling untuk pariwisata, cluster sampling untuk air bersih, sensus untuk penyedia transportasi, convinience sampling untuk pengguna transportasi dan convenience sampling untuk transportasi serta sampling untuk irigasi. Hasil yang didapatkan dari perhitungan menunjukkan nilai manfaat langsung pada sektor perikanan tangkap yaitu sebesar Rp. 3.384.038.000/tahun, sektor pariwisata sebesar Rp.2.340.591.000/ tahun, sektor air bersih sebesar Rp 73.944.000/tahun, sedangkan sektor transportasi sebesar Rp 55.700.000/tahun. Total nilai ekonomi manfaat langsung yaitu Rp. 5.854.273.000/tahun. Sedangkan nilai ekonomi manfaat tidak langsung yaitu dari sektor irigasi mempunyai nilai ekonomi sebesar Rp.1.245.000.000/tahun.Kata Kunci  : Valuasi Ekonomi, Manfaat Langsung, Manfaat Tidak Langsung, Waduk Cengklik. ABSTRACT                                                                              Cengklik Reservoir Resource is a tourism reservoir located in Ngargorejo Village, Boyolali. The research which was conducted in October 2016 aims to determine the value of direct and indirect benefits of Cengklik Reservoir area. This study intends to determine the value of direct and indirect benefits of Cengklik Reservoir. Cengklik Reservoir possesses many significant roles in both ecological and economic sectors. The Benefit of Economic Value from Cengklik Reservoir can be observed from direct and indirect benefits. In order to analyze the utilization of reservoirs on the economic valuation result, several methods are used: market price valuation method for capture fishery sector, Travel Cost Method for tourism sector, and Market Price Method for clean water sector. This research used purposive sampling technique for capture fishery, convenience sampling for tourism, cluster sampling for clean water, census for transportation provider, convenience sampling for transportation user and convenience sampling for transportation and sampling for irrigation. The results which were obtained from the calculation show the value of direct benefits in fishing sector which is IDR 3 384 038 000 per years, tourism sector of IDR 2 340 591 000 per years, clean water sector of IDR  73 944 000 per years, while transportation sector of IDR 55 700 000 per years. Total economic value of direct benefit is IDR  5 854 273 000 per years. While the economic value of indirect benefits from irrigation sector has an economic value of  IDR 1 245 000 000 per years.Keywords: Economic Valuation, Direct Benefit, Indirect Benefit, Cengklik Reservoir.

scholarly journals Komunitas Mangrove di Wilayah Pesisir Pulau Tidore dan Sekitarnya

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doni Nurdiansah ◽  
I Wayan Eka Dharmawan
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Hemispherical Photography ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Direct And Indirect Benefits ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Percentage Covering ◽  
Mangrove Communities

<strong>Mangrove Community in Coastal Area of Tidore Islands.</strong> Indonesia has the most extensive area of mangrove ecosystem in the world. It bring many direct and indirect benefits for the coastal community. Research on the condition of mangrove communities in Tidore, Halmahera, Ternate Island and surrounding areas was conducted in August 2015, to determine the current condition of mangrove communities in the region. Assessment condition mangrove forest was done by means of analyze the percentage covering canopy with the hemispherical photography methods (photography toward) vertical and analyze the percentage pixels from a photograph obtained by using software image J and Microsoft Excel. The species Sonneratia alba in the Maitara, Tidore, and Kaiyasa Island West Halmahera is the most dominant.

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