The Role of Minerals and Trace Elements in Relation to Long-Term Health and Chronic Disease

Role of Minerals and Trace Elements in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061864 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1864 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pallavi Dubey ◽

Vikram Thakur ◽

Munmun Chattopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Essential Trace Elements ◽

Cobalt Iron ◽

Different Populations ◽

Minerals And Trace Elements ◽

Iron Chromium

Minerals and trace elements are micronutrients that are essential to the human body but present only in traceable amounts. Nonetheless, they exhibit well-defined biochemical functions. Deficiencies in these micronutrients are related to widespread human health problems. This review article is focused on some of these minerals and trace element deficiencies and their consequences in diabetes and insulin resistance. The levels of trace elements vary considerably among different populations, contingent on the composition of the diet. In several Asian countries, large proportions of the population are affected by a number of micronutrient deficiencies. Local differences in selenium, zinc, copper, iron, chromium and iodine in the diet occur in both developed and developing countries, largely due to malnutrition and dependence on indigenous nutrition. These overall deficiencies and, in a few cases, excess of essential trace elements may lead to imbalances in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. The most extensive problems affecting one billion people or more worldwide are associated with inadequate supply of a number of minerals and trace elements including iodine, selenium, zinc, calcium, chromium, cobalt, iron, boron and magnesium. This review comprises various randomized controlled trials, cohort and case-controlled studies, and observational and laboratory-based studies with substantial outcomes of micronutrient deficiencies on diabetes and insulin resistance in diverse racial inhabitants from parts of Asia, Africa, and North America. Changes in these micronutrient levels in the serum and urine of subjects may indicate the trajectory toward metabolic changes, oxidative stress and provide disease-relevant information.

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Homeostasis of minerals and trace elements in newborns. Part 2. Clinical role of magnesium balance in the body of newborn

Neonatology: News, Opinions, Training ◽

10.33029/2308-2402-2020-8-1-22-33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 22-23

Author(s):

M.V. Degtyareva ◽

◽

O.A. Senkevich ◽

A.L. Karpova ◽

N.Yu. Karpov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

The Body ◽

Clinical Role ◽

Minerals And Trace Elements

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Mechanism of process imbalance of long-term anaerobic digestion of food waste and role of trace elements in maintaining anaerobic process stability

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 172-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Wanli Zhang ◽

Bin Chen ◽

Aimin Li ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Rundong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Food Waste ◽

Process Stability ◽

Anaerobic Process

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Subacute care and rehabilitation

Australian Health Review ◽

10.1071/ah020140 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 140 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Len Gray

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Population Ageing ◽

Rehabilitation Services ◽

Term Care ◽

Subacute Care ◽

Reporting Systems ◽

Care Systems

Subacute and rehabilitation services are likely to play an increasingly important role in the health and long-term care systems, as population ageing increases the prevalence of chronic disease and disability. The role and scope of these services is difficult to assess in the Australian context due to the paucity of standardised definitions and administrative reporting systems. This paper appraises the role of these services and reflects on principles and evidence that might underpin their future development.

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Long term evaluation of etiological treatment of Chagas disease with benznidazole

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652002000100006 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 29-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 208

Author(s):

J. Romeu CANÇADO

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Chronic Patients ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Term Evaluation ◽

Acute Form ◽

Acute Patients

The aim of this article is to present an investigation of cure rate, after long follow up, of specific chemotherapy with benznidazole in patients with both acute and chronic Chagas disease, applying quantitative conventional serological tests as the base of the criterion of cure. Twenty one patients with the acute form and 113 with one or other of the various chronic clinical forms of the disease were evaluated, after a follow up period of 13 to 21 years, for the acute, and 6 to 18 years, for the chronic patients. The duration of the acute as well as the chronic disease, a condition which influences the results of the treatment, was determined. The therapeutic schedule was presented, with emphasis on the correlation between adverse reactions and the total dose of 18 grams, approximately, as well as taking into consideration precautions to assure the safety of the treatment. Quantitative serological reactions consisting of complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination, and, occasionally, ELISA, were used. Cure was found in 76 per cent of the acute patients but only in 8 per cent of those with chronic forms of the disease. In the light of such contrasting results, fundamentals of the etiological therapy of Chagas disease were discussed, like the criterion of cure, the pathogenesis and the role of immunosuppression showing tissue parasitism in long standing chronic disease, in support of the concept that post-therapeutic consistently positive serological reactions mean the presence of the parasite in the patient's tissues. In relation to the life-cycle of T. cruzi in vertebrate host, there are still some obscure and controversial points, though there is no proof of the existence of resistant or latent forms. However, the finding over the last 15 years, that immunosuppression brings about the reappearance of acute disease in long stand chronic patients justifies a revision of the matter. Facts were quoted in favor of the treatment of chronic patients.

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Working: The Role of Occupational Epidemiology

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwab243 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ellen A Eisen ◽

Holly Elser ◽

Sally Picciotto

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Economic Opportunity ◽

Occupational Epidemiology ◽

Research Support ◽

Work From Home ◽

Potential Source

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic redemonstrated the importance of work as a determinant of health. Extant disparities were accentuated, as the workforce was divided into the roughly 50% who could safely work from home and those who could not. With the spotlight on work, one might wonder where all the occupational epidemiologists have gone. To answer, we point to diminished research support and more limited workplace access that have led many to shift away from a focus on workers towards other vulnerable populations. We build on the renewed interest in work as a driver of health and inequality during the pandemic to highlight contributions of occupational epidemiology to public health. Consider: (1) etiologic studies of chronic disease based on employment records to define cohorts and reconstruct long-term exposure; (2) studies of hypothetical interventions particularly appropriate for evaluating potential regulations to reduce workplace exposures; and (3) studies of disparities that take advantage of work as a potential source of social stratification and economic opportunity. As we have learned during COVID-19, workplaces can become venues for public health messaging and delivering interventions to enumerated populations of adults. By starting with COVID-19 prevention policies, we have a chance to protect public health and rethink work.

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Dietary patterns: biomarkers and chronic disease riskThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in the CSCN–CSNS 2009 Conference, entitled Are dietary patterns the best way to make nutrition recommendations for chronic disease prevention?

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h10-005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 199-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Ashima K. Kant

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Disease Prevention ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Disease Biomarkers ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Intervention Trials

With increasing appreciation of the complexity of diets consumed by free-living individuals, there is interest in the assessment of the overall diet or dietary patterns in which multiple related dietary characteristics are considered as a single exposure. The 2 most frequently used methods to derive dietary patterns use (i) scores or indexes based on prevailing hypotheses about the role of dietary factors in disease prevention; and (ii) factors and clusters from exploration of available dietary data. A third method, a hybrid of the hypothesis-driven and data-driven methods, attempts to predict food combinations related to nutrients or biomarkers with hypothesized associations with particular health outcomes. Dietary patterns derived from the first 2 approaches have been examined in relation to nutritional and disease biomarkers and various health outcomes, and generally show the desirable dietary pattern to be consistent with prevalent beliefs about what constitutes a healthful diet. Results from observational studies suggest that the healthful dietary patterns were associated with significant but modest risk reduction (15%–30%) for all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease. Findings for various cancers have been inconsistent. The available randomized controlled intervention trials with a long-term follow-up to examine dietary patterns in relation to health outcome have generally produced null findings. Novel findings with the potential to change existing beliefs about diet and health relationships are yet to emerge from the dietary patterns research. The field requires innovation in methods to derive dietary patterns, validation of prevalent methods, and assessment of the effect of dietary measurement error on dietary patterns.

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