Somatostatin Receptors in Pituitary Function, Diagnosis and Therapy

2004 ◽  
pp. 235-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Hofland ◽  
S.W.J. Lamberts
Keyword(s):  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy

Somatostatin receptors as tools for diagnosis and therapy: Molecular aspects

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Guillermet-Guibert ◽  
Hicham Lahlou ◽  
Stéphane Pyronnet ◽  
Corinne Bousquet ◽  
Christiane Susini
Keyword(s):  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Molecular Aspects

scholarly journals Somatostatin Receptors in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wängberg ◽  
O. Nilsson ◽  
V. Johanson ◽  
L. Kölby ◽  
E. Forssell‐Aronsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy

scholarly journals Obestatin Plays an Opposite Role in the Regulation of Pituitary Somatotrope and Corticotrope Function in Female Primates and Male/Female Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 1407-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl M. Luque ◽  
José Córdoba-Chacón ◽  
Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa ◽  
Iacopo Gesmundo ◽  
Cristina Grande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ghrh Receptor ◽  
Acth Release

Obestatin is a 23-amino-acid amidated peptide that is encoded by the ghrelin gene. Previous studies have shown obestatin can modulate the hypothalamic neuronal circuitry that regulates pituitary function, perhaps by modulating the actions of ghrelin. However, the direct actions of obestatin on pituitary function remain controversial. Here, primary pituitary cell cultures from a nonhuman primate (baboon) and mice were used to test the effects of obestatin on pituitary hormone expression and secretion. In pituitary cultures from both species, obestatin had no effect on prolactin, LH, FSH, or TSH expression/release. Conversely, obestatin stimulated proopiomelanocortin expression and ACTH release and inhibited GH expression/release in vitro, actions that were also observed in vivo in mice treated with obestatin. In vitro, obestatin inhibited the stimulatory actions of ghrelin on GH but not ACTH release. The inhibitory effect of obestatin on somatotrope function was associated with an overall reduction in pituitary transcription factor-1 and GHRH receptor mRNA levels in vitro and in vivo as well as a reduction in hypothalamic GHRH and ghrelin expression in vivo. The stimulatory effect of obestatin on ACTH was associated with an increase in pituitary CRF receptors. Obestatin also reduced the expression of pituitary somatostatin receptors (sst1/sst2), which could serve to modify its impact on hormone secretion. The in vitro actions of obestatin on both GH and ACTH release required the adenylyl cyclase and MAPK routes. Taken together, our results provide evidence that obestatin can act directly at the pituitary to control somatotrope and corticotrope function, and these effects are conserved across species.

RNA in Diagnosis and Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
MICHAEL F. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Therapy

Diagnosis and therapy of brain abscesses

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nau ◽  
Behnke-Mursch
Keyword(s):  
Operative Verfahren ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Brain Abscesses

Die verursachenden Erreger von Hirnabszessen variieren in Abhängigkeit von der Grunderkrankung. Typisch sind Mischinfektionen aus Aerobiern und Anaerobiern. Hirnabszesse entwickeln sich meist subakut. Sensibelster Entzündungsparameter im Blut ist das C-reaktive Protein (bei 80–90% der Patien-ten erhöht). Die entscheidende diagnostische Maßnahme ist das kraniale CT ohne und mit Kontrastmittel (KM). Die rasche Kultur von Abszeßinhalt durch Punktion, Drainage oder Abszeßexzision ist entscheidend für die Erregeridentifikation. Eine alleinige Chemotherapie zur Abszeßbehandlung wird nur angewandt, wenn 1. multiple, tief gelegene und/oder sehr kleine Abszesse vorliegen oder 2. sich der Patient in einem so schlechten Allgemeinzustand befindet, daß ihm ein invasiver Eingriff nicht zugemutet werden kann oder 3. eine Hirnphlegmone und kein abgekapselter Abszeß vorliegt. Gebräuchliche operative Verfahren sind die Abszeßaspiration (meist nach stereotaktischer Abszeßpunktion), die offene Kraniotomie mit Abszeßexzision und die offene Abszeßevakuation ohne Kapselentfernung. Für die ungezielte Chemotherapie vor Erregernachweis bevorzugen wir die Kombination von Cefotaxim (3×2–4 g/d i.v.) mit Metronidazol (3–4×0,5 g/d i.v.). Kortikosteroide sind indiziert, wenn der Prozeß raumfordernd ist und eine Herniation droht oder multiple Abszesse vorliegen, die nur teilweise operativ angehbar sind, oder Hirnregionen mit besonderer Ödemneigung betroffen sind.

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