Resistance of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Agents to Decontamination

2004 ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy

scholarly journals Humanized Transgenic Mice Are Resistant to Chronic Wasting Disease Prions From Norwegian Reindeer and Moose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D F Wadsworth ◽  
Susan Joiner ◽  
Jacqueline M Linehan ◽  
Kezia Jack ◽  
Huda Al-Doujaily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Human Prion Protein ◽  
Prion Transmission ◽  
Wild Reindeer

Abstract Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion disease affecting cervids. In 2016, the first cases of CWD were reported in Europe in Norwegian wild reindeer and moose. The origin and zoonotic potential of these new prion isolates remain unknown. In this study to investigate zoonotic potential we inoculated brain tissue from CWD-infected Norwegian reindeer and moose into transgenic mice overexpressing human prion protein. After prolonged postinoculation survival periods no evidence for prion transmission was seen, suggesting that the zoonotic potential of these isolates is low.

scholarly journals Survey of Cattle in Northeast Colorado for Evidence of Chronic Wasting Disease: Geographical and High-Risk Targeted Sample

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Gould ◽  
James L. Voss ◽  
Michael W. Miller ◽  
Annette M. Bachand ◽  
Bruce A. Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Geographically Targeted

A geographically targeted survey of potentially high-risk, adult cattle in chronic wasting disease (CWD)–endemic areas in Colorado was initiated to assess the possibility of the spread of CWD from deer to cattle under natural conditions. Surveyed cattle were sympatric with free-roaming deer in geographically defined areas where CWD occurs and where CWD prevalence has been estimated. To qualify for inclusion in the survey, cattle had to be at least 4 years old and had to have spent a minimum of 4 years in surveyed areas. Brains from culled cattle were examined microscopically and immunohistochemically for tissue alterations indicative of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Two hundred sixty-two brains were suitable for evaluation and were found to lack changes indicative of a TSE infection. Prion deposition was not demonstrable using a method involving formic acid and proteinase-K treatment before application of monoclonal antibody to bovine prion protein (F99/97.6.1). Some incidental neuropathologic changes unrelated to those of TSEs were detected. Findings from this study suggest that large-scale spread of CWD from deer to cattle under natural range conditions in CWD-endemic areas of northeast Colorado is unlikely.

scholarly journals PrP P102L and Nearby Lysine Mutations Promote Spontaneous In Vitro Formation of Transmissible Prions

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Kraus ◽  
Gregory J. Raymond ◽  
Brent Race ◽  
Katrina J. Campbell ◽  
Andrew G. Hughson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Protein Aggregates ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Specific Sequence

ABSTRACT Accumulation of fibrillar protein aggregates is a hallmark of many diseases. While numerous proteins form fibrils by prion-like seeded polymerization in vitro, only some are transmissible and pathogenic in vivo. To probe the structural features that confer transmissibility to prion protein (PrP) fibrils, we have analyzed synthetic PrP amyloids with or without the human prion disease-associated P102L mutation. The formation of infectious prions from PrP molecules in vitro has required cofactors and/or unphysiological denaturing conditions. Here, we demonstrate that, under physiologically compatible conditions without cofactors, the P102L mutation in recombinant hamster PrP promoted prion formation when seeded by minute amounts of scrapie prions in vitro. Surprisingly, combination of the P102L mutation with charge-neutralizing substitutions of four nearby lysines promoted spontaneous prion formation. When inoculated into hamsters, both of these types of synthetic prions initiated substantial accumulation of prion seeding activity and protease-resistant PrP without transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) clinical signs or notable glial activation. Our evidence suggests that PrP's centrally located proline and lysine residues act as conformational switches in the in vitro formation of transmissible PrP amyloids. IMPORTANCE Many diseases involve the damaging accumulation of specific misfolded proteins in thread-like aggregates. These threads (fibrils) are capable of growing on the ends by seeding the refolding and incorporation of the normal form of the given protein. In many cases such aggregates can be infectious and propagate like prions when transmitted from one individual host to another. Some transmitted aggregates can cause fatal disease, as with human iatrogenic prion diseases, while other aggregates appear to be relatively innocuous. The factors that distinguish infectious and pathogenic protein aggregates from more innocuous ones are poorly understood. Here we have compared the combined effects of prion seeding and mutations of prion protein (PrP) on the structure and transmission properties of synthetic PrP aggregates. Our results highlight the influence of specific sequence features in the normally unstructured region of PrP that influence the infectious and neuropathogenic properties of PrP-derived aggregates.

How to Limit the Spread of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 521-528
Author(s):  
Dominique Dormont
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Corneal Grafting ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

AbstractTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies are rare lethal diseases induced in humans and animals by unconventional agents called transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agents (TSEAs), virions, or prions. Several cases of iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) have been reported in the literature after neuro-surgery, treatment with pituitary-derived hormones, corneal grafting, and use of dura mater lyophilisates. In a given infected individual, TSEA-associated infectiousness depends on the nature of the organ: the central nervous system has the highest infectiousness, spleen and lymph nodes a medium infectiousness, and organs such as bone, skin, or skeletal muscles do not harbor any detectable infectiousness in experimental models. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy/prions have unconventional properties; in particular, they resist almost all the chemical and physical processes that inactivate conventional viruses. Therefore, prevention of CJD agent transmission must be taken into account in daily hospital practice. Efficient sterilization procedures should be determined. In tissue and blood donation, donors with a neurologic history must be excluded, and patients treated with pituitary-derived hormones should be considered potentially infected with TSEA and excluded.

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