Subtypes of Depressive Episodes According to ICD-10: Prediction of Risk of Relapse and Suicide

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Vedel Kessing
Keyword(s):  
Icd 10 ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

scholarly journals Severity of depressive episodes according to ICD-10: prediction of risk of relapse and suicide

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Vedel Kessing
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Single Depressive Episode ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

BackgroundThe ICD–10 categorisation of severity of depression into mild, moderate and severe depressive episodes has not been validated.AimsTo validate the ICD–10 categorisation of severity of depression by estimating its predictive ability on the course of illness and suicidal outcome.MethodAll psychiatric in-patients in Denmark who had received a diagnosis of a single depressive episode at their first discharge between 1994 and 1999 were identified. The risk of relapse and the risk of suicide were compared for patients discharged with an ICD–10 diagnosis of a single mild, moderate or severe depressive episode.ResultsAt their first discharge, 1103 patients had an ICD–10 diagnosis of mild depressive episode, 3182 had a diagnosis of moderate depressive episode and 2914 had a diagnosis of severe depressive episode. The risk of relapse and the risk of suicide were significantly different for the three types of depression – increasing from mild to moderate to severe depressive episode.ConclusionsThe ICD–10 way of grading severity is clinically useful and should be preserved in future versions.

Mental Disorders in Patients with Temporomandibular Pain-dysfunction Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S254-S254
Author(s):  
V. Medvedev ◽  
V. Frolova ◽  
Y. Fofanova
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Inform Consent ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Psychometric Method ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Temporomandibular Pain

IntroductionMaxillofacial surgeons and dentists often deal with the phenomenon of temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome–painful condition of maxillofacial area without clear organic pathology. Psychiatric studies of this disorder are almost lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome and to define the psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-10).MethodsStudy sample consists of 57 patients (44 women and 13 men) with temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome aged older than 18 years, who gave inform consent. The study used clinical psychopathological, psychometric (HADS, HDRS, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hypochondria Whitley Index, Visual Analog Scale for Pain).ResultsPsychiatric disorders were revealed in 48 patients (84.2%) with temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome–39 women and 9 men aged 18-65 years (mean age 39.6 ± 15.4 years). Affective disorders was diagnosed in 56.3%, personality disorders in 20.8%, schizotypal personality disorder in 12.5% and schizophrenia in 10.4%. Among affective pathology mild and moderate depressive episodes prevailed (59.3%). The severity of pain (VAS) in patients with affective disorders was higher than in patients with other psychiatric conditions.ConclusionThis study shows high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome and proves the feasibility of a psychiatrist participate in the complex treatment of these patients. The use of psychometric method allows to improve the timeliness of the detection of patients who require further clinical psychopathological examination in order to determine the need of pharmacotherapy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Risk of bipolar disorder and psychotic features in patients initially hospitalised with severe depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiya Nakamura ◽  
Junichi Iga ◽  
Naoki Matsumoto ◽  
Tetsuro Ohmori
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Primary Disorder ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
Depressive Episodes

ObjectiveSevere depression may be a risk factor for diagnostic conversion into bipolar disorder (BD), and psychotic depression (PD) has been consistently associated with BD. The aims of the present study were to investigate the stability of the diagnosis of severe depression and the differences between PD and non-psychotic severe depression (non-PD), as well as to assess the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).MethodsPatients who were hospitalised for severe depression (diagnosed according to ICD-10) both with and without psychotic symptoms (n=89; mean age=55.6 years, SD=13.9) from 2001 to 2010 were retrospectively assessed.ResultsBy the 75th month of follow-up assessments, 11(12.4%) patients had developed BD. Among these 11 converters, nine had developed BD within 1 year after admission. Only sub-threshold hypomanic symptoms were significantly related to developing BD. The number of depressive episodes and history of physical diseases were significantly increased in non-PD compared with PD patients, whereas ECT was significantly increased in PD compared with non-PD patients. There was a significant association between length of stay at the hospital and the number of days between admission and ECT.ConclusionSub-threshold hypomanic symptoms may represent a prodrome of BD or an indicator of an already manifest phenotype, especially in older patients, which suggests cautious use of antidepressants. In severe depression, non-PD may often occur secondary to physical diseases and patients may experience increased recurrences compared with PD patients, which may be a more ‘primary’ disorder and often requires ECT treatments. ECT is effective for severe depression regardless of the presence of any psychotic feature; the earlier ECT is introduced, the better the expected treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Risk factors for new depressive episodes in primary health care: an international prospective 12-month follow-up study

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BARKOW ◽  
W. MAIER ◽  
T. B. ÜSTÜN ◽  
M. GÄNSICKE ◽  
H.-U. WITTCHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Background. Studies that examined community samples have reported several risk factors for the development of depressive episodes. The few studies that have been performed on primary care samples were mostly cross-sectional. Most samples had originated from highly developed industrial countries. This is the first study that prospectively investigates the risk factors of depressive episodes in an international primary care sample.Methods. A stratified primary care sample of initially non-depressed subjects (N = 2445) from 15 centres from all over the world was examined for the presence or absence of a depressive episode (ICD-10) at the 12 month follow-up assessment. The initial measures addressed sociodemographic variables, psychological/psychiatric problems and social disability. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine their relationship with the development of new depressive episodes.Results. At the 12-month follow-up, 4·4% of primary care patients met ICD-10 criteria for a depressive episode. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the recognition by the general practitioner as a psychiatric case, repeated suicidal thoughts, previous depressive episodes, the number of chronic organic diseases, poor general health, and a full or subthreshold ICD-10 disorder were related to the development of new depressive episodes.Conclusions. Psychological/psychiatric problems were found to play the most important role in the prediction of depressive episodes while sociodemographic variables were of lower importance. Differences compared with other studies might be due to our prospective design and possibly also to our culturally different sample. Applied stratification procedures, which resulted in a sample at high risk of developing depression, might be a limitation of our study.

Clinical Features and Diagnostic Criteria of Depression in Down's Syndrome

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper ◽  
Richard A. Collacott
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundDepression occurs commonly in people with Down's syndrome, although there is little published about this association. This study explores the limitations of Diagnostic Criteria for Research, based on ICD-10 (DCR) and DSM–III–R depressive criteria.MethodCase note examination identified 42 adults with Down's syndrome who have sustained 56 depressive episodes. The clinical features are reported.ResultsAll episodes were diagnosed as depression. DSM–III–R criteria for major depressive episode were met by 50% of the episodes. DCR for depressive episode of at least mild severity were fulfilled by 68%.ConclusionsThese criteria were unduly restrictive for this group. Commonly occurring symptoms are not included in the criteria, while certain criteria items never occurred. Criteria should be modified to facilitate future research.

Emotional Face Recognition in Bipolar Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S117-S117 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Homorogan ◽  
R. Adam ◽  
R. Barboianu ◽  
Z. Popovici ◽  
C. Bredicean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Emotion Recognition Ability ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Emotional Face ◽  
Depressive Episodes

IntroductionEmotional face recognition is significant for social communication. This is impaired in mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder. Individuals with bipolar disorder lack the ability to perceive facial expressions.ObjectivesTo analyse the capacity of emotional face recognition in subjects diagnosed with bipolar disorder.AimsTo establish a correlation between emotion recognition ability and the evolution of bipolar disease.MethodsA sample of 24 subjects were analysed in this trial, diagnosed with bipolar disorder (according to ICD-10 criteria), who were hospitalised in the Psychiatry Clinic of Timisoara and monitored in outpatients clinic. Subjects were introduced in the trial based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The analysed parameters were: socio-demographic (age, gender, education level), the number of relapses, the predominance of manic or depressive episodes, and the ability of identifying emotions (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test).ResultsMost of the subjects (79.16%) had a low ability to identify emotions, 20.83% had a normal capacity to recognise emotions, and none of them had a high emotion recognition capacity. The positive emotions (love, joy, surprise) were easier recognised, by 75% of the subjects, than the negative ones (anger, sadness, fear). There was no evident difference in emotional face recognition between the individuals with predominance of manic episodes than the ones who had mostly depressive episodes, and between the number of relapses.ConclusionsThe individuals with bipolar disorder have difficulties in identifying facial emotions, but with no obvious correlation between the analysed parameters.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Attitudes to depression and its treatment in primary care

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT WEICH ◽  
LOUISE MORGAN ◽  
MICHAEL KING ◽  
IRWIN NAZARETH
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Episodes

ABSTRACTBackgroundUndertreatment of depression in primary care is common. Efforts to address this tend to overlook the role of patient attitudes. Our aim was to validate and describe responses to a questionnaire about attitudes to depression and its treatment in a sample with experience of moderate and severe depressive episodes.MethodCross-sectional survey of 866 individuals with a confirmed history of an ICD-10 depressive episode in the 12 months preceding interview, recruited from 7271 consecutive general practitioner (GP) attendees in 36 general practices in England and Wales. Attitudes to and beliefs about depression were assessed using a 19-item self-report questionnaire.ResultsFactor analysis resulted in a three-factor solution: factor 1, depression as a disabling, permanent state; factor 2, depression as a medical condition responsive to support; and factor 3, antidepressants are addictive and ineffective. Participants who received and adhered to antidepressant medication and disclosed their depression to family and friends had significantly lower scores on factors 1 and 3 but higher scores on factor 2.ConclusionsPeople with moderate or severe depressive episodes have subtle and divergent views about this condition, its outcome, and appropriate help. Such beliefs should be considered in primary care as they may significantly impact on help seeking and adherence to treatment.

Depression in Primary Care 1: Elderly Patients' Disclosure of Depressive Symptoms to Their Doctors

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. O'Connor ◽  
Richard Rosewarne ◽  
Ann Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
General Medical Practitioner ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Background: This article examines some of the factors responsible for older patients' decision to report current depressive symptoms to their general medical practitioner. A companion article considers factors contributing to general practitioners' (GPs') recognition of major depressive episode when it was present. Methods: A survey was conducted of a stratified sample of 1,021 patients aged 70+ years of 30 GPs in Melbourne, Australia, to gauge the prevalence of depressive symptoms, the frequency with which patients had informed GPs of their symptoms, and GPs' recognition of major depressive episodes. Patients and informants were questioned using the Canberra Interview for the Elderly, which generates rigorous ICD-10 research diagnoses. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that symptom disclosure was associated in descending order of importance with higher depressive scores, previous contact with a psychiatrist, and female gender. Even so, 48% of persons with ICD-10 moderate or severe depressive episode had not reported any current complaints to their doctor at the time of interview. Conclusion: Older patients often do not report depressive symptoms to their medical practitioner. Men and patients lacking “psychological mindedness” may be at special risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document