PD: A Biological Membrane and a Non-Biological Fluid

2003 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J�rres
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Biological Membrane

Exosomes: Structure, Biogenesis, Types and Application in Diagnosis and Gene and Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriya Agarwal ◽  
Vinayak Agarwal ◽  
Mugdha Agarwal ◽  
Manisha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Gene Isolation ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Therapeutic Regime ◽  
Targeted Gene Therapy ◽  
Delivery Mechanism

Abstract: In recent times, several approaches for targeted gene therapy (GT) had been studied. However, the emergence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a shuttle carrying genetic information between cells has gained a lot of interest in scientific communities. Owing to their higher capabilities in dealing with short sequences of nucleic acid (mRNA, miRNA), proteins, recombinant proteins, exosomes, the most popular form of EVs are viewed as reliable biological therapeutic conveyers. They have natural access through every biological membrane and can be employed for site-specific and efficient drug delivery without eliciting any immune responses hence, qualifying as an ideal delivery vehicle. Also, there are many research studies conducted in the last few decades on using exosome-mediated gene therapy into developing an effective therapy with the concept of a higher degree of precision in gene isolation, purification and delivery mechanism loading, delivery and targeting protocols. This review discusses several facets that contribute towards developing an efficient therapeutic regime for gene therapy, highlighting limitations and drawbacks associated with current GT and suggested therapeutic regimes.

Determination of platinum in biological material by differential pulse polarography: Analysis in urine, plasma and tissue following sample combustion

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2903-2908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Vrabec ◽  
Oldřich Vrána ◽  
Vladimír Kleinwächter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Catalytic Current ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode

A method is described for determining total platinum content in urine, blood plasma and tissues of patients or experimental animals receiving cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum(II). The method is based on drying and combustion of the biological material in a muffle furnace. The product of the combustion is dissolved successively in aqua regia, hydrochloric acid and ethylenediamine. The resulting platinum-ethylenediamine complex yields a catalytic current at a dropping mercury electrode allowing to determine platinum by differential pulse polarography. Platinum levels of c. 50-1 000 ng per ml of the biological fluid or per 0.5 g of a tissue can readily be analyzed with a linear calibration.

Diffusion and Biological Membrane Permeability. II

1941 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Reiner
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Biological Membrane

scholarly journals Lipid-protein stoichiometries in a crystalline biological membrane: NMR quantitative analysis of the lipid extract of the purple membrane

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Corcelli ◽  
Veronica M.T. Lattanzio ◽  
Giuseppe Mascolo ◽  
Paride Papadia ◽  
Francesco Fanizzi
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Purple Membrane ◽  
Lipid Extract

scholarly journals Molecular Dynamics of Chloroplast Membranes Isolated from Wild-Type Barley and a Brassinosteroid-Deficient Mutant Acclimated to Low and High Temperatures

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Iwona Sadura ◽  
Dariusz Latowski ◽  
Jana Oklestkova ◽  
Damian Gruszka ◽  
Marek Chyc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chloroplast Membranes ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes

Plants have developed various acclimation strategies in order to counteract the negative effects of abiotic stresses (including temperature stress), and biological membranes are important elements in these strategies. Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development and modulate their reaction against many environmental stresses including temperature stress, but their role in modifying the properties of the biological membrane is poorly known. In this paper, we characterise the molecular dynamics of chloroplast membranes that had been isolated from wild-type and a BR-deficient barley mutant that had been acclimated to low and high temperatures in order to enrich the knowledge about the role of BR as regulators of the dynamics of the photosynthetic membranes. The molecular dynamics of the membranes was investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic area of the membranes. The content of BR was determined, and other important membrane components that affect their molecular dynamics such as chlorophylls, carotenoids and fatty acids in these membranes were also determined. The chloroplast membranes of the BR-mutant had a higher degree of rigidification than the membranes of the wild type. In the hydrophilic area, the most visible differences were observed in plants that had been grown at 20 °C, whereas in the hydrophobic core, they were visible at both 20 and 5 °C. There were no differences in the molecular dynamics of the studied membranes in the chloroplast membranes that had been isolated from plants that had been grown at 27 °C. The role of BR in regulating the molecular dynamics of the photosynthetic membranes will be discussed against the background of an analysis of the photosynthetic pigments and fatty acid composition in the chloroplasts.

scholarly journals Temperature effect in physicochemical and bioactive behavior of biogenic hydroxyapatite obtained from porcine bones

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Forero-Sossa ◽  
J. D. Salazar-Martínez ◽  
A. L. Giraldo-Betancur ◽  
B. Segura-Giraldo ◽  
E. Restrepo-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Type Substitution ◽  
Biogenic Hydroxyapatite

AbstractBiogenic hydroxyapatite (BHAp) is a widely used material in the biomedical area due to its similarities with the bone tissue mineral phase. Several works have been spotlighted on the thermal behavior of bone. However, little research has focused on determining the influence of calcination temperature in the physicochemical and bioactive properties of BHAp. In this work, a study of the physicochemical properties’ changes and bioactive response of BHAp produced from porcine femur bones using calcination temperatures between 900 to 1200 °C was conducted. The samples’ structural, morphological, and compositional changes were determined using XRD, SEM, and FTIR techniques. XRD results identified three temperature ranges, in which there are structural changes in BHAp samples and the presence of additional phases. Moreover, FTIR results corroborated that B-type substitution is promoted by increasing the heat treatment temperature. Likewise, samples were immersed in a simulated biological fluid (SBF), following the methodology described by Kokubo and using ISO 23317:2014 standard, for 3 and 7 days. FTIR and SEM results determined that the highest reaction velocity was reached for samples above 1000 °C, due to intensity increasing of phosphate and carbonate bands and bone-like apatite morphologies, compared to other temperatures evaluated.

scholarly journals Assembling Surface Linker Chemistry with Minimization of Non-Specific Adsorption on Biosensor Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Jack Chih-Chieh Sheng ◽  
Brian De La Franier ◽  
Michael Thompson
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Surface Attachment ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Aqueous Conditions ◽  
Acoustic Wave Device ◽  
Wave Device

The operation of biosensors requires surfaces that are both highly specific towards the target analyte and that are minimally subject to fouling by species present in a biological fluid. In this work, we further examined the thiosulfonate-based linker in order to construct robust and durable self-assembling monolayers (SAMs) onto hydroxylated surfaces such as silica. These SAMs are capable of the chemoselective immobilization of thiol-containing probes (for analytes) under aqueous conditions in a single, straightforward, reliable, and coupling-free manner. The efficacy of the method was assessed through implementation as a biosensing interface for an ultra-high frequency acoustic wave device dedicated to the detection of avidin via attached biotin. Fouling was assessed via introduction of interfering bovine serum albumin (BSA), IgG antibody, or goat serum. Improvements were investigated systematically through the incorporation of an oligoethylene glycol backbone employed together with a self-assembling diluent without a functional distal group. This work demonstrates that the incorporation of a diluent of relatively short length is crucial for the reduction of fouling. Included in this work is a comparison of the surface attachment of the linker to Si3N4 and AlN, both materials used in sensor technology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document