Effects of Smoke-Free Environments, Advertising Bans and Price Increases

1997 ◽  
pp. 230-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M�lihan-Cheinin ◽  
A. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Price Increases

PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO, INFLASI DAN RASIO GINI TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Mahendra Putra Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Relationship

Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) which provides a comprehensive picture of the economic conditions of a region is indicator for analyzing economic region development. Another indicator that is no less important is inflation as an indicator to see the level of changes in price increases due to an increase in the money supply that causes rising prices. The success of development must also look at the income inequality of its population which is illustrated by this ratio. One of the main regional development goals is to improve the welfare of its people, where to see the level of community welfare, among others, can be seen from the level of unemployment in an area. To that end, in order to get an overview of the effects of GRDP, inflation and the ratio of gini to unemployment in DKI Jakarta for the last ten years (2007-2016), an analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression methods. As a result, together the relationship between GRDP, inflation and the Gini ratio is categorized as "very strong" with a score of 0.936, and has a significant influence on unemployment. Partially, the GRDP gives a significant influence, but inflation and gini ratio do not have a significant influence. GDP, inflation and the Gini ratio together for the last ten years have contributed 81.4% to unemployment in DKI Jakarta, while the remaining 18.6% is influenced by other variables not included in this research model, so for reduce unemployment in DKI Jakarta, programs that are oriented to economic growth, suppressing inflation and decreasing this ratio need to be carried out simultaneously. Keywords: GRDP, inflation, unemployment, DKI Jakarta, GINI ratio  

Regulation of Price Increases

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Ridley ◽  
Su Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Price Increases

About the priority measures taken by the state authorities of Russia in connection with the spread of coronavirus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
VIKTOR A. TSIBIKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Interagency Cooperation ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article deals with the work of Russian state authorities during the period when a new coronavirus infection (SARSCoV- 2, previously – 2019-nCoV) threatens to spread and enter the national territory. The algorithm of work and the practical measures taken to combat infection from the point of view of the requirements of the national security Strategy of the Russian Federation, as well as Federal and regional regulatory legal acts in terms of protection are analyzed. The issues of the formation of special temporary governing bodies, the goals and objectives of their activities, as well as the forms of work used: monitoring the situation, rulemaking, interagency cooperation, building up forces and means to combat the pandemic, using the information and technical base, informing the population, supporting certain sectors of the economy and certain categories of citizens are considered. Conclusions are drawn about the organized, complex and interdepartmental nature of the events, the need to improve legislation in terms of establishing legal liability for offenses under the quarantine regime, creating conditions to prevent unjustified price increases for certain types of goods, systematically informing the population and preventing the spread of false rumors, the need to support certain sectors of the economy and certain categories of citizens.

The Effects of Oil Prices Changes on Output Growth and Inflation: Evidence from Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 730-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin ÖGE GÜNEY
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Asymmetric Effects ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the effects of oil price changes on output and inflation for the case of Turkey using monthly time series data for the period 1990:1–2012:3. Recent studies suggest that oil price changes may have asymmetric effects on the macroeconomic variables. To account for asymmetric effects, we decompose oil price changes into positive and negative parts following Hamilton (1996). Our results show that while oil price increases have clear negative effects on output growth, the impact of oil price decline is insignificant. Similarly, oil price increases have positive and significant effects on inflation. However, oil price declines have not a significant effect on inflation. The Granger causality tests also support these results.

scholarly journals Do Commodity Price Shocks Cause Armed Conflict? A Meta-Analysis of Natural Experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
GRAEME BLAIR ◽  
DARIN CHRISTENSEN ◽  
AARON RUDKIN
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Commodity Price Shocks

Scholars of the resource curse argue that reliance on primary commodities destabilizes governments: price fluctuations generate windfalls or periods of austerity that provoke or intensify civil conflict. Over 350 quantitative studies test this claim, but prominent results point in different directions, making it difficult to discern which results reliably hold across contexts. We conduct a meta-analysis of 46 natural experiments that use difference-in-difference designs to estimate the causal effect of commodity price changes on armed civil conflict. We show that commodity price changes, on average, do not change the likelihood of conflict. However, there are cross-cutting effects by commodity type. In line with theory, we find price increases for labor-intensive agricultural commodities reduce conflict, while increases in the price of oil, a capital-intensive commodity, provoke conflict. We also find that price increases for lootable artisanal minerals provoke conflict. Our meta-analysis consolidates existing evidence, but also highlights opportunities for future research.

scholarly journals Modelling Global Nickel Mining, Supply, Recycling, Stocks-in-Use and Price Under Different Resources and Demand Assumptions for 1850–2200

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hulda Olafsdottir ◽  
Harald Ulrik Sverdrup
Keyword(s):  
Market Prices ◽  
Nickel Extraction ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Nickel Mining ◽  
Ore Grades ◽  
Recoverable Resources ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Ore Grade

AbstractThe long-term supply of nickel to society was assessed with the WORLD7 model for the global nickel cycle, using new estimates of nickel reserves and resources, indicating that the best estimate of the ultimately recoverable resources for nickel is in the range of 650–720 million ton. This is significantly larger than earlier estimates. The extractable amounts were stratified by extraction cost and ore grade in the model, making them extractable only after price increases and cost reductions. The model simulated extraction, supply, ore grades, and market prices. The assessment predicts future scarcity and supply problems after 2100 for nickel. The model reconstructs observed extraction, supply and market prices for the period 1850–2020, and is used to simulate development for the period 2020–2200. The quality of nickel ore has decreased significantly from 1850 to 2020 and will continue to do so in the future according to the simulated predictions from the WORLD7 model. For nickel, extraction rates are suggested to reach their maximum value in 2050, and that most primary nickel resources will have been exhausted by 2130. After 2100, the supply per capita for nickel will decline towards exhaustion if business-as-usual is continuing. This will be manifested as reduced supply and increased prices. The peak year can be delayed by a maximum of 100 years if recycling rates are improved significantly and long before scarcity is visible.

The State Price Density Implied by Crude Oil Futures and Option Prices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Christoffersen ◽  
Kris Jacobs ◽  
Xuhui (Nick) Pan
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Option Prices ◽  
Oil Futures ◽  
State Price ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Crude Oil Futures ◽  
State Price Density ◽  
Positive Return

Abstract Both large oil price increases and decreases are associated with deteriorating economic conditions. The projection of the state price density (SPD) onto oil returns estimated from oil futures and option prices displays a U-shaped pattern. Because investors assign high state prices to large negative and large positive oil returns, the U-shaped SPD may steepen in either tail when economic conditions deteriorate. The positive return region of the SPD is more closely related to economic conditions. The oil SPD contains information about economic conditions and future security returns that is distinct from the information in the stock index SPD.

scholarly journals Compilation of Commercial Property Price Indices for Germany Tailored for Policy Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Knetsch
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Commercial Real Estate ◽  
German Population ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
Property Price ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract The compilation of commercial property price indices (CPPIs) is challenging. Policymakers urge for timely, reliable and comprehensive data. In Germany, lack of data prevents the calculation of official figures by the national statistical authority. Different applications of price indices need different definitions of commercial real estate. CPPIs according to these definitions are constructed on the basis of existing data for 127 German towns and cities (that cover about one-third of German population). The overall price developments revealed by the various indices are rather similar in terms of central time series characteristics, while differences in detail can be explained by their specific compositions. Price increases for all definitions have been strongest in the seven largest cities. The definitions tend to lead to more marked differences for medium-sized towns.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document