Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids in Enteral Nutrition: Overview and Some Research Challenges

2000 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon R. Young ◽  
Yong-Ming Yu ◽  
Sudhir Borgonha
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Research Challenges

scholarly journals Plasma metabolomics of early parenteral nutrition followed with enteral nutrition in pancreatic surgery patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyu Jiang ◽  
Cen Wen ◽  
Changli Wang ◽  
Zhenzhen Zhao ◽  
Lulong Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Early Parenteral Nutrition

AbstractNutrition support is essential for surgical patients. Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) require tremendous nutrient support but also faced with risks of infection and gastrointestinal complications. Early parenteral nutrition has recently shown benefits while limited information provided about the influence on metabolism. This prospective single-center cohort study used plasma metabolomics to clarify metabolic alteration after early parenteral nutrition followed with enteral nutrition. Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 52) were enrolled. 36 patients received parenteral nutrition within 3 days postoperatively followed with EN (TPN group), 16 patients received standard fluids followed with EN (GIK group). We found that the weight loss is reduced in TPN group while the other clinical outcomes and inflammatory cytokines showed no statistical significance. The TPN group showed significance in amino acids, lipid, and phospholipids metabolism compared with the GIK group. Moreover, integration analysis indicated that early TPN could promote the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids, phospholipids, ketone bodies, and branched-chain amino acids. We conclude that early TPN support followed with EN for patients undergoing PD reduced the perioperative weight loss and promoted the metabolic transition to anabolic metabolism with the recovery of lipid metabolism, suggesting its benefits for the recovery of patients.

scholarly journals Exclusive enteral nutrition mediates gut microbial and metabolic changes that are associated with remission in children with Crohn’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Diederen ◽  
Jia V. Li ◽  
Gillian E. Donachie ◽  
Tim G. de Meij ◽  
Dirk R. de Waart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Exclusive Enteral Nutrition

Abstract A nutritional intervention, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) can induce remission in patients with pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). We characterized changes in the fecal microbiota and metabolome to identify the mechanism of EEN. Feces of 43 children were collected prior, during and after EEN. Microbiota and metabolites were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and NMR. Selected metabolites were evaluated in relevant model systems. Microbiota and metabolome of patients with CD and controls were different at all time points. Amino acids, primary bile salts, trimethylamine and cadaverine were elevated in patients with CD. Microbiota and metabolome differed between responders and non-responders prior to EEN. EEN decreased microbiota diversity and reduced amino acids, trimethylamine and cadaverine towards control levels. Patients with CD had reduced microbial metabolism of bile acids that partially normalized during EEN. Trimethylamine and cadaverine inhibited intestinal cell growth. TMA and cadaverine inhibited LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion by primary human monocytes. A diet rich in free amino acids worsened inflammation in the DSS model of intestinal inflammation. Trimethylamine, cadaverine, bile salts and amino acids could play a role in the mechanism by which EEN induces remission. Prior to EEN, microbiota and metabolome are different between responders and non-responders.

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