Antiviral Agents That Are Active against CMV: Potential of Cidofovir for the Treatment of CMV and Other Virus Infections

1997 ◽  
pp. 193-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Virus Infections

scholarly journals Salidroside Protects Against Influenza A Virus-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932582110113
Author(s):  
Rufeng Lu ◽  
Yueguo Wu ◽  
Honggang Guo ◽  
Zhuoyi Zhang ◽  
Yuzhou He
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production

Influenza A virus infections can cause acute lung injury (ALI) in humans; thus, the identification of potent antiviral agents is urgently required. Herein, the effects of salidroside on influenza A virus-induced ALI were investigated in a murine model. BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated with H1N1 virus and treated with salidroside. The results of this study show that salidroside treatment (30 and 60 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the H1N1 virus-induced histological alterations in the lung and inhibited inflammatory cytokine production. Salidroside also decreased the wet/dry ratio, viral titers, and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in the lungs. Therefore, salidroside may represent a potential therapeutic reagent for the treatment of influenza A virus-induced ALI.

scholarly journals Inhibition of B Virus (Macacine herpesvirus 1) by Conventional and Experimental Antiviral Compounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Krug ◽  
R. F. Schinazi ◽  
J. K. Hilliard
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Experimental Drugs ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

ABSTRACT B virus infection of humans results in high morbidity and mortality in as many as 80% of identified cases. The main objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of conventional and experimental antiviral drug susceptibilities of B virus isolates from multiple macaque species and zoonotically infected humans. We used a plaque reduction assay to establish the effective inhibitory doses of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and vidarabine, as well as those of a group of experimental nucleoside analogs with known anti-herpes simplex virus activity. Four of the experimental drugs tested were 10- to 100-fold more potent inhibitors of B virus replication than conventional antiviral agents. Drug efficacies were similar for multiple B virus isolates tested, with variations within 2-fold of the median effective concentration (EC50) for each drug, and each EC50 was considerably lower than those for B virus thymidine kinase (TK) mutants. We observed no differences in the viral TK amino acid sequence between B virus isolates from rhesus monkeys and those from human zoonoses. Differences in the TK protein sequence between cynomolgus and pigtail macaque B virus isolates did not affect drug sensitivity except in the case of one compound. Taken together, these data suggest that future B virus zoonoses will respond consistently to conventional antiviral treatment. Further, the considerably higher potency of FEAU (2′-fluoro-5-ethyl-Ara-U) than of conventional antiviral drugs argues for its compassionate use in advanced human B virus infections.

scholarly journals Ethanol Extract of Caesalpinia decapetala Inhibits Influenza Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jungang Chen ◽  
Chang Ke ◽  
Haiwei Zhang ◽  
Shoujun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Virus Infections

Influenza virus infections can lead to viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe cases, causing significant morbidity and mortality and posing a great threat to human health. Because of the diversity of influenza virus strains and drug resistance to the current direct antiviral agents, there have been no effective drugs as yet to cure all patients infected by influenza viruses. Natural products from plants contain compounds with diverse structures that have the potential to interact with multiple host and virus factors. In this study, we identified the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston (EEC) as an inhibitor against the replication of a panel of influenza A and B viruses both on human pulmonary epithelial A549 and human monocytic U937 cells. The animal study revealed that EEC administration reduces the weight loss and improves the survival rate of mice infected with lethal influenza virus. Also, EEC treatment attenuated lung injury and reduced virus titer significantly. In conclusion, we showed that EEC has antiviral activity both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the plant C. decapetala has the potential to be further developed as a resource of new anti-influenza drugs.

scholarly journals Prospects for Antiviral Chemotherapy in Veterinary Medicine: 2. Avian, Piscine, Canine, Porcine, Bovine and Equine Virus Diseases

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Rollinson
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Hiv Therapy ◽  
Food Species ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Antiviral Chemotherapy

This paper, which is published in two parts, reviews the literature pertaining to antiviral chemotherapy of viruses of veterinary importance. While early reports in the 1970s referred to the chemotherapy of a number of different RNA and DNA viruses, there was considerable focus in the 1980s, initially on herpesviruses and latterly on retroviruses, and particularly in cats. Details are given of the successful treatments of FeLV and FIV, which have been used as animal models for HIV therapy. Therapy of equine, canine, bovine, porcine, avian, and fish diseases is also considered. The high costs of developing and registering a new chemical entity, especially for food species in which extensive toxicity/residue data are required, is the main reason why specific antiviral compounds are not currently available for veterinary use, although some non-specific immune modulators are now emerging. Concurrent availability of appropriate diagnostic tools is a prerequisite for successful veterinary antiviral chemotherapy, as is a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of virus infections in animals and the development of more sophisticated means of drug delivery, appropriate to both food animal species and companion animals (dogs, cats, and horses). Additionally, antiviral agents are valuable as research tools per se, as opposed to solely as chemotherapeutic agents. Part 1 covers the feline virus diseases, while part 2 includes the other viruses of veterinary importance, in dogs, horses, cattle, pigs, birds, and fish.

scholarly journals Ilaprazole and other novel prazole-based compounds that bind Tsg101 inhibit viral budding of HSV-1/2 and HIV from cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Leis ◽  
Chi-Hao Luan ◽  
James E. Audia ◽  
Sara F. Dunne ◽  
Carissa M. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Viral Budding ◽  
Escrt Complex ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hsv 1

AbstractIn many enveloped virus families, including HIV and HSV, a crucial, yet unexploited, step in the viral life cycle is releasing particles from the infected cell membranes. This release process is mediated by host ESCRT complex proteins, which is recruited by viral structural proteins and provides the mechanical means for membrane scission and subsequent viral budding. The prazole drug, tenatoprazole, was previously shown to bind to ESCRT complex member Tsg101 and quantitatively block the release of infectious HIV-1 from cells in culture. In this report we show that tenatoprazole and a related prazole drug, ilaprazole, effectively block infectious Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-1/2 release from Vero cells in culture. By electron microscopy, we found that both prazole drugs block the release of HSV particles from the cell nuclear membrane resulting in their accumulation in the nucleus. Ilaprazole also quantitatively blocks the release of HIV-1 from 293T cells with an EC50 of 0.8 μM, which is more potent than tenatoprazole. Finally, we synthesized and tested multiple novel prazole-based analogs that demonstrate both binding to Tsg101 and inhibition of viral egress in the nanomolar range of HIV-1 from 293T cells. Our results indicate that prazole-based compounds may represent a class of drugs with potential to be broad-spectrum antiviral agents against multiple enveloped viruses, by interrupting cellular Tsg101 interaction with maturing virus, thus blocking the budding process that releases particles from the cell.ImportanceThese results provide the basis for the development of drugs that target enveloped virus budding that can be used ultimately to control multiple virus infections in humans.

scholarly journals Griffithsin-Modified Electrospun Fibers as a Delivery Scaffold To Prevent HIV Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6518-6531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany N. Grooms ◽  
Hung R. Vuong ◽  
Kevin M. Tyo ◽  
Danial A. Malik ◽  
Lee B. Sims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Potent Inhibition ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTDespite current prophylactic strategies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain significant contributors to global health challenges, spurring the development of new multipurpose delivery technologies to protect individuals from and treat virus infections. However, there are few methods currently available to prevent and no method to date that cures human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or combinations of STIs. While current oral and topical preexposure prophylaxes have protected against HIV infection, they have primarily relied on antiretrovirals (ARVs) to inhibit infection. Yet continued challenges with ARVs include user adherence to daily treatment regimens and the potential toxicity and antiviral resistance associated with chronic use. The integration of new biological agents may avert some of these adverse effects while also providing new mechanisms to prevent infection. Of the biologic-based antivirals, griffithsin (GRFT) has demonstrated potent inhibition of HIV-1 (and a multitude of other viruses) by adhering to and inactivating HIV-1 immediately upon contact. In parallel with the development of GRFT, electrospun fibers (EFs) have emerged as a promising platform for the delivery of agents active against HIV infection. In the study described here, our goal was to extend the mechanistic diversity of active agents and electrospun fibers by incorporating the biologic GRFT on the EF surface rather than within the EFs to inactivate HIV prior to cellular entry. We fabricated and characterized GRFT-modified EFs (GRFT-EFs) with different surface modification densities of GRFT and demonstrated their safety and efficacy against HIV-1 infectionin vitro. We believe that EFs are a unique platform that may be enhanced by incorporation of additional antiviral agents to prevent STIs via multiple mechanisms.

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