Hormonal Regulation of Salivary Glands, with Particular Reference to Experimental Diabetes

1998 ◽  
pp. 200-221
Author(s):  
L.C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Experimental Diabetes

scholarly journals The effect of experimental diabetes on phenylalanine metabolism in isolated liver cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Santana ◽  
M J Fisher ◽  
A J Bate ◽  
C I Pogson
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Enzyme Protein ◽  
Isolated Liver Cells ◽  
Phenylalanine Metabolism ◽  
Isolated Liver

Chronic (10-day) diabetes was associated with increased metabolic flux through phenylalanine hydroxylase in isolated liver cells. This flux was stimulated by 0.1 microM-glucagon, but not by 10 microM-noradrenaline; 0.1 microM-insulin affected neither basal nor glucagon-stimulated flux. The increased rate of phenylalanine hydroxylation in diabetes was accompanied by parallel increases in enzyme activity (as measured with artificial cofactor) and immunoreactive-enzyme-protein content. In contrast with total protein synthesis, which decreased, phenylalanine hydroxylase synthesis persisted at the control rate in cells from diabetic animals. These findings are discussed in relation to the hormonal regulation of the hydroxylase and the known metabolic consequences of chronic diabetes.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional reorg anisation of intraorg an vessels of rat’s large salivary glands in the experimental diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Yavorska-Skrabut
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Vascular Lumen ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Further Development

There was studied the morphofunctional reorganization of the intraorgan vessels of parotid and submandibular glands of white rats with experimental hyperglycemia duration of 1, 2 and 3 months. There was established the development of hyperglycemia and presence of adaptive changes in early terms of observation that appears with constriction of small arteries while expanding of the larger caliber vascular lumen. With increasing duration of hyperglycemia, progressing of vasoconstriction and further development and deepening of destructive and sclerotic  changes in vessels of parotid and submandibular glands were established.

Cellular localization and hormonal regulation of pancreatic intrinsic factor secretion in dogs

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (1) ◽  
pp. G178-G188 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Simpson ◽  
D. H. Alpers ◽  
J. De Wille ◽  
P. Swanson ◽  
S. Farmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cdna Probe ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Gastric Fundus ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Mucosal Cells

Gastric mucosal cells are considered to be the principal site of intrinsic factor (IF) production in most mammals. Recent observations in dogs suggest that the pancreas is the major site of IF production in this species. The present study was undertaken to determine the cellular origins of canine pancreatic IF by combining in situ hybridization with immunocytochemistry and to examine the potential role of physiological pancreatic secretagogues, cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and secretin, as mediators of canine pancreatic IF secretion. A human IF cDNA probe (J. Hewitt et al., Genomics 10: 432-440, 1991), validated for use in the dog, identified IF mRNA in parietal cells in the gastric fundus, gastric gland cells in the pyloric antrum, and in secretory duct cells of the pancreas. Immunocytochemistry using antibody against rat IF confirmed that these cells, as well as secretory ducts of salivary glands, synthesized an immunoreactive protein. In stimulated secretions of anesthetized dogs, mean 45-min outputs of IF, haptocorrin, and trypsinogen were 13-, 8-, and 16-fold greater during stimulation with CCK-8 than with secretin. No synergistic effects of combined stimulation were observed for IF or haptocorrin, although a synergistic effect was observed for trypsinogen. These findings demonstrate that IF is synthesized in the canine stomach, pancreas, and probably salivary glands and that CCK-8 mediates IF secretion from pancreatic duct cells.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

Biogenesis of Catalase-Positive Rods in Excretory Duct Cells of Salivary Glands

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Dwight K. Romanovicz ◽  
Jacob S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Excretory Duct ◽  
Exocrine Glands ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Different Dimensions

The presence of catalase-positive rods (Fig. 1) of different dimensions, which frequently have a crystalline appearance by light microscopy, has been reported. They seem to be related to peroxisomes which were characterized morphologically and cytochemically in parotid and other exocrine glands of the rat by Hand in 1973. Our light microscopic studies of these spherical microbodies and rods of different sizes, stained by virtue of the peroxidatic activity of their catalase, indicate that they are almost entirely confined to the cells of the striated and execretory ducts of the submandibular gland in the mouse. The rods were usually noted only in the proximity of the ductal microbodies. The latter frequently showed a tendency to appear in linear close array, or even to be contiguous (Fig. 2). This suggested that the rods could be formed by the fusion of microbodies.

An adrenocortical oncocytoma with unusual mitochondrial inclusions and cytoplasmic crystals

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
W.T. Gunning ◽  
G.D. Haselhuhn ◽  
E.R. Phillips ◽  
S.H. Selman
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Nuclear Morphology ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Microscopic Evidence

Within the last few years, adrenal cortical tumors with features concordant with the diagnostic criteria attributed to oncocytomas have been reported. To date, only nine reported cases exist in the literature. This report is the tenth case presentation of a presumptively benign neoplasm of the adrenal gland with a rare differentiation. Oncocytomas are well recognized benign tumors of the thyroid, parathyroid, and salivary glands and of the kidney. Other organs also give rise to these types of tumors, however with less frequency than the former sites. The characteristics generally used to classify a tumor as an oncocytoma include the following criteria: the tumor is 1) usually a solitary circumscribed mass with no gross nor microscopic evidence of metastasis (no tissue nor vascular invasion), 2) fairly bland in terms of mitotic activity and nuclear morphology, and 3) composed of large eosinophillic cells in which the cytoplasm is packed full of mitochondria (Figure 1).

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