Melatonin Suppression of Tumor Growth in vivo: A Novel Mechanism Involving Inhibition of Fatty Acid Uptake and Metabolism

1997 ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Blask ◽  
L.A. Sauer ◽  
R.T. Dauchy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Melatonin Suppression ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

Sex differences in hepatic fatty acid uptake reflect a greater affinity of the transport system in females

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. G380-G385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorrentino ◽  
S. L. Zhou ◽  
E. Kokkotou ◽  
P. D. Berk
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Male And Female Rats

In this study, we examined the hypothesis that the reported sex difference in hepatic free fatty acid (FFA) uptake involves the putative FFA transport system, the plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm). In hepatocytes isolated from both male and female rats, initial [3H]oleate uptake velocity reflected transmembrane influx and not subsequent metabolism and was a saturable function of the unbound oleate concentration. Although Vmax values were similar (61 +/- 2 vs. 65 +/- 5 pmol.min-1.5 x 10(4) cells-1 for females and males, respectively), the apparent Km was significantly smaller in females (40 +/- 4 vs. 90 +/- 11 nM; P less than 0.05), reflecting faster influx velocities in female cells over a range of unbound oleate concentrations. The oleate efflux rate constant was also greater in females (0.280 +/- 0.014 vs. 0.198 +/- 0.020 min-1; P less than 0.05) despite their greater hepatic content of cytosolic FABP. Finally, despite the greater rates of transmembrane FFA flux in female hepatocytes, the surface expression of FABPpm was virtually identical in the two sexes (2.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.4 microgram/10(6) cells). Collectively, these data indicate that at FFA-to-albumin ratios occurring in vivo the plasma membrane of female hepatocytes transports oleate bidirectionally at a greater rate than that of male hepatocytes. A sex-related difference in the functional affinity of FABPpm for FFA appears the most likely explanation for the greater oleate uptake in females.

Protein-Mediated Fatty Acid Uptake: Novel Insights from In Vivo Models

Physiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Doege ◽  
Andreas Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Knockout Animal ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport Proteins

Long-chain fatty acids are both important metabolites as well as signaling molecules. Fatty acid transport proteins are key mediators of cellular fatty acid uptake and recent transgenic and knockout animal models have provided new insights into their contribution to energy homeostasis and to pathological processes, including obesity and insulin desensitization.

scholarly journals A System for In Vivo Imaging of Hepatic Free Fatty Acid Uptake

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Min Park ◽  
Kim A. Russo ◽  
Grigory Karateev ◽  
Michael Park ◽  
Elena Dubikovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake

Essential fatty acid uptake and metabolism in the developing rodent brain

Lipids ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. S103-S107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Pawlosky ◽  
Glenn Ward ◽  
Norman Salem
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Rodent Brain ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

Theobromine ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating hepatic lipid metabolism via mTOR signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wei ◽  
Shaofei Wu ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Xiaoqian Zhang ◽  
Xiaoling Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway

Theobromine, a methylxanthine present in cocoa, has been shown to possess many beneficial pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory property, and anti-microbial activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of theobromine on NAFLD and the possible underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that theobromine reduced body weight, fat mass and improved dyslipidemia. Theobromine decreased liver weight, mitigated liver injury, and significantly reduced hepatic TG level in mice with obesity. Histological examinations also showed hepatic steatosis was alleviated after theobromine treatment. Furthermore, theobromine reversed the elevated mRNA and protein expression of SREBP-1c, FASN, CD36, FABP4 and the suppressed expression of PPARα, CPT1a in the liver of mice with obesity, which were responsible for lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake and fatty acid oxidation respectively. In vitro, theobromine also downregulated SREBP-1c, FASN, CD36, FABP4 and upregulated PPARα, CPT1a mRNA and protein levels in hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner, while these changes were reversed by L-Leucine, an mTOR agonist. The present study demonstrated that theobromine improved NAFLD by inhibiting lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake and promoting fatty acid oxidation in the liver and hepatocytes, which might be associated with its suppression of mTOR signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Effects on Whole-Body Energy Homeostasis and Tissue-Specific Fatty Acid Uptake in Vivo

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 5639-5648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars P. Klieverik ◽  
Claudia P. Coomans ◽  
Erik Endert ◽  
Hans P. Sauerwein ◽  
Louis M. Havekes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Specific Fatty Acid ◽  
Hormone Effects ◽  
Body Energy

Hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of splanchnic fatty acid oxidation increases hepatic triacylglycerol secretion

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. E798-E805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Labros S. Sidossis ◽  
Bettina Mittendorfer ◽  
Eric Walser ◽  
David Chinkes ◽  
Robert R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Hepatic Triacylglycerol

The effect of hyperglycemia (∼8 mmol/l) on splanchnic fatty acid oxidation and triacylglycerol (TG) secretion rates was investigated in five healthy men. U-13C-labeled fatty acids were infused to estimate fatty acid kinetics and oxidation across the splanchnic region, and in vivo labeled very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG was infused to estimate TG secretion rate. Plasma fatty acid carbon enrichment and concentration were maintained constant by infusion of lipids and heparin in the hyperglycemia experiments. Fatty acid uptake by the splanchnic region was 1.4 ± 0.2 and 2.2 ± 0.9 μmol ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1in the basal and clamp experiments, respectively, whereas fatty acid oxidation decreased from 0.4 ± 0.04 to 0.2 ± 0.05 μmol ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1( P < 0.05). Hepatic TG secretion increased from 0.35 ± 0.07 μmol ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1in the basal state to 0.53 ± 0.11 μmol ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1after 15 h of hyperglycemia ( P< 0.05). Similarly, plasma VLDL-TG concentration increased from 0.28 ± 0.06 to 0.43 ± 0.05 mmol/l during the clamp ( P < 0.05). In summary, hyperglycemia attenuates fatty acid oxidation in the splanchnic region in human volunteers, even when fatty acid availability is constant. This adaptation results in a significant increase in the VLDL-TG secretion rate and concentration in plasma.

scholarly journals Rv3723/LucA coordinates fatty acid and cholesterol uptake in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V Nazarova ◽  
Christine R Montague ◽  
Thuy La ◽  
Kaley M Wilburn ◽  
Neelima Sukumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Uncharacterized Protein ◽  
Fatty Acid Transporter

Pathogenic bacteria have evolved highly specialized systems to extract essential nutrients from their hosts. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) scavenges lipids (cholesterol and fatty acids) to maintain infections in mammals but mechanisms and proteins responsible for the import of fatty acids in Mtb were previously unknown. Here, we identify and determine that the previously uncharacterized protein Rv3723/LucA, functions to integrate cholesterol and fatty acid uptake in Mtb. Rv3723/LucA interacts with subunits of the Mce1 and Mce4 complexes to coordinate the activities of these nutrient transporters by maintaining their stability. We also demonstrate that Mce1 functions as a fatty acid transporter in Mtb and determine that facilitating cholesterol and fatty acid import via Rv3723/LucA is required for full bacterial virulence in vivo. These data establish that fatty acid and cholesterol assimilation are inexorably linked in Mtb and reveals a key function for Rv3723/LucA in in coordinating thetransport of both these substrates.

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