Should We Target Signal Pathways Instead of Single Mediators in the Treatment of Sepsis?

2001 ◽  
pp. 400-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Wratten ◽  
A. Brendolan ◽  
C. Ronco ◽  
G. La Greca ◽  
C. Tetta
Keyword(s):  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Target Signal

scholarly journals Bacterial Cyclodipeptides Target Signal Pathways Involved in Malignant Melanoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra Xóchitl Durán-Maldonado ◽  
Laura Hernández-Padilla ◽  
Juan Carlos Gallardo-Pérez ◽  
Alma Laura Díaz-Pérez ◽  
Lorena Martínez-Alcantar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Target Signal

GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME: PATHOGENESIS AND MOLECULAR MARKERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-702
Author(s):  
Oleg Kit ◽  
Dmitriy Vodolazhskiy ◽  
Yelena Frantsiyants ◽  
Svetlana Panina ◽  
E. Rastorguev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and invasive poorly differentiated brain tumor with nearly 100 % rate of recurrence and unfavorable prognosis. The aim of the present review is to analyze recent studies and experimental results (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed) concerning somatic mutations in glioblastoma, aberrant regulation of gene expression of signal pathways including EGFR, TGFß, etc. and markers for GBM progression. Particularly the molecular subtypes of glioblastoma and NGS results are considered in this review.

TONIC ACTIVITY AND GRAVITATIONAL CONTROL OF THE POSTURAL MUSCLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
B.S. Shenkman ◽  
◽  
T.M. Mirzoev ◽  
I.B. Kozlovskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Tonic Activity ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Tonic System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Almost Continuous ◽  
Fundamental Conclusion ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

The review is an attempt to describe and give a meaning to the accumulated data about the mechanisms controlling the structure and functionality of the postural muscle the almost continuous work of which makes it possible for the humans and animals to exist actively on Earth's surface. A great bulk of these data was obtained, described and systematized by professor I.B. Kozlovskaya and her pupils. A body of the most interesting facts and regularities was documented in other laboratories and research centers, quite often under the influence of ideas suggested by I.B. Kozlovskaya. The concept of the tonic system, that is, an integral physiological apparatus comprising not only slow and fast muscular fibers and small controlling motoneurons but also a complex of the brain (up to and including the striatum and motor cortex) and sensory mechanisms, constitutes the most important parts of her theoretical legacy. The fundamental conclusion of this review is that the gravity-dependent tonic contracting activity of the postural muscle controlled by the nervous system and afferent mechanisms is key to maintaining its structure, signal pathways and mechanic properties crucial for its constant anti-gravity activity.

Inhibition of microRNA-155 Alleviates Neurological Dysfunction Following Transient Global Ischemia and Contribution of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. 4310-4317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichao Sun ◽  
Shouqin Ji ◽  
Jihong Xing
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Global Ischemia ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Neurological Severity Score ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Transient Global Ischemia ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background/Aims: Central pro-inflammatory cytokine (PIC) signal is involved in neurological deficits after transient global ischemia induced by cardiac arrest (CA). The present study was to examine the role of microRNA- 155 (miR-155) in regulating IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus of rats with induction of CA. We further examined the levels of products of oxidative stress 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α, indication of oxidative stress); and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, indication of protein oxidation) after cerebral inhibition of miR-155. Methods: CA was induced by asphyxia and followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats. ELISA and western blot analysis were used to determine the levels of PICs and products of oxidative stress; and the protein expression of NADPH oxidase (NOXs) in the hippocampus. In addition, neurological severity score and brain edema were examined to assess neurological functions. Results: We observed amplification of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α along with 8-iso PGF2α and 8-OHdG in the hippocampus of CA rats. Cerebral administration of miR-155 inhibitor diminished upregulation of PICs in the hippocampus. This also attenuated products of oxidative stress and upregulation of NOX4. Notably, inhibition of miR-155 improved neurological severity score and brain edema and this was linked to signal pathways of PIC and oxidative stress. Conclusion: We showed the significant role of blocking miR-155 signal in improving the neurological function in CA rats likely via inhibition of signal pathways of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting that miR-155 may be a target in preventing and/or alleviating development of the impaired neurological functions during CA-evoked global cerebral ischemia.

Expanding the Biotherapeutics Realm via miR-34a: “Potent Clever Little” Agent in Breast Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammady ◽  
Seyed I. Ghetmiri ◽  
Mahtab Baharizade ◽  
Mohammad H. Morowvat ◽  
Susan Torabi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Breast Cancer Therapy ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Normal Tissues

Background:One of the most prevalent cancers befell to women is considered to be breast cancer (BC). It is also the deadliest among the female population after lung cancer. Additionally, several studies have demonstrated that there is an association between microRNA34-a and breast cancer.Method:We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to December 2018. Those studies which have been studied miR-34a and its tumor-suppressing capabilities were considered as the most important topics. Moreover, we extracted articles which were solely focused on microRNA-34a in breast cancer therapy. Finally, 80 articles were included.Results:In comparison with the normal tissues, down-regulation of miR-34a expression is shown considerably in tumor cells. Overexpression of miR-34a acts as a tumor suppressor by transcriptional regulating one of the signaling pathways (TP53), NOTCH, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), Bcl- 2 and SIRT1genes, HDAC1 and HDAC7, Fra-1, TPD52, TLR Via CXCL10. Moreover, drug resistance declines which lead to the apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and senescence. As a result, the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of the tumor are suppressed. The Mrx34 drug contains miR-34a mimic and a lipid vector. MiR-34a as the active ingredient portrays the role of a tumor suppressor. This drug has recently entered the clinical trials studies.Conclusion:These findings suggest a robust cause for developing miR-34a as a therapeutic agent to target BC. In that scenario, miR-34a is strongly useful to introduce new therapeutic goals for BC. Moreover, this review aims to confirm the signal pathways, therapeutic and diagnostic values of miR- 34a in BC and beyond.

Epigenetics, Nutrition, Disease and Drug Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lundstrom
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Novel Drug

Epigenetic mechanisms comprising of DNA methylation, histone modifications and gene silencing by RNA interference have been strongly linked to the development and progression of various diseases. These findings have triggered research on epigenetic functions and signal pathways as targets for novel drug discovery. Dietary intake has also presented significant influence on human health and disease development and nutritional modifications have proven important in prevention, but also the treatment of disease. Moreover, a strong link between nutrition and epigenetic changes has been established. Therefore, in attempts to develop novel safer and more efficacious drugs, both nutritional requirements and epigenetic mechanisms need to be addressed.

Sensory Transduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Fain
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Sensory Receptor ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Sensory Physiology ◽  
Effector Molecules

Sensory Transduction provides a thorough and easily accessible introduction to the mechanisms that each of the different kinds of sensory receptor cell uses to convert a sensory stimulus into an electrical response. Beginning with an introduction to methods of experimentation, sensory specializations, ion channels, and G-protein cascades, it provides up-to-date reviews of all of the major senses, including touch, hearing, olfaction, taste, photoreception, and the “extra” senses of thermoreception, electroreception, and magnetoreception. By bringing mechanisms of all of the senses together into a coherent treatment, it facilitates comparison of ion channels, metabotropic effector molecules, second messengers, and other components of signal pathways that are common themes in the physiology of the different sense organs. With its many clear illustrations and easily assimilated exposition, it provides an ideal introduction to current research for the professional in neuroscience, as well as a text for an advanced undergraduate or graduate-level course on sensory physiology.

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