Smoking as a Risk Factor for End-Stage Renal Failure in Patients with Primary Renal Disease

2000 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
S.R. Orth ◽  
G. Odoni ◽  
H. Ogata ◽  
E. Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Primary Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

scholarly journals Smoking as a risk factor for end-stage renal failure in men with primary renal disease

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 926-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan R. Orth ◽  
Axel Stöckmann ◽  
Christian Conradt ◽  
Eberhard Ritz ◽  
M. Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Primary Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Renal failure

2019 ◽  
pp. 547-560
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Symptom Management ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Palliative Care Services ◽  
End Stage

This chapter describes the issues associated with providing palliative care to patients with renal failure, and covers initiation of renal replacement therapy, conservative treatment, symptom management for patients with advanced renal disease, and issues surrounding stopping renal replacement therapy. As obesity and diabetes increase, so does the incidence of chronic renal disease and end-stage renal failure. Determining the exact number of patients dying of renal failure is challenging. Often the cause of death will be ascribed to an associated contributing factor, e.g. diabetes mellitus, or the final acute event resulting in death, e.g. myocardial infarction. However, we know that renal failure is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with a high all-cause mortality.1 In addition, patients with end-stage renal failure have a significant symptom burden and therefore it is important that patients have access to palliative care services to assist with symptom management, advanced care planning, and, where appropriate, decisions around dialysis and transplantation.

Serious Renal Disease in Egypt

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Essamie ◽  
A. Soliman ◽  
T.M.S. Fayad ◽  
S. Barsoum ◽  
C.M. Kjellstrand
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Postrenal Failure ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The University

We studied serious renal disease in Egypt by registering all 155 patients coming to the nephrology service at the University of Cairo during a period of 62 days in 1993. The patients presented with severe uremic symptoms. Admission creatinine and urea levels were high, 804 μmol/l and 64 mmol/l. Fifteen percent of the patients died; 115 underwent dialysis. Sixty patients presented with chronic renal failure; 53 with acute renal failure, but 24 of these were later found to have end-stage renal failure. Of 29 patients with true acute renal failure, 11 (38%) had pre-renal failure and 7 (24%) postrenal failure. Twenty-one patients were followed up after transplantation and chronic dialysis, another 17 had nephrotic syndrome, 3 hypertension, and one had asymptomatic urinary abnormalities. The most common specific etiology for chronic end-stage renal failure was diabetes mellitus type II in the older patients; second most common was Schistosoma in the younger ones. Most diabetic patients came from the city. All but one Schistosoma patient came from rural Egypt. In the 22 patients who underwent renal biopsy the most common diagnosis was mesangio capillary glomerulonephritis. The prevalence of acute renal failure, particularly iatrogenic-toxic, is increasing

scholarly journals Cystic Renal Disease in Children: A Broad Spectrum from Simple Cyst to End Stage Renal Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Neslihan Cicek ◽  
◽  
Nurdan Yildiz ◽  
Tugba Nur Dasar ◽  
Ibrahim Gokce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Simple Cyst ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Cystic Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

The Effect of Somatostatin on the Hormonal Abnormalities of End Stage Renal Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Thomas G Murray ◽  
Carol Eisen ◽  
Morris Grabie ◽  
Ellen Buerklin ◽  
Barry R Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Patients with end stage renal disease who are maintained on haemodialysis have elevated levels of many hormones, some of which may play a role in the pathogenesis of the complications of uraemia. The infusion of synthetic somatostatin reduces the circulating level of many of these same hormones in patients with normal renal function. If the elevated hormone levels in dialysis patients could be similarly lowered, study of the pathogenitic significance of the various hormonal abnormalities would be facilitated. With this in mind, the effect of synthetic somatostatin on the circulating level of growth hormone, glucagon, insulin, gastrin, parathyroid hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone in dialysis patients was investigated. In pilot protocol, a dose of 2 mg of somatostatin infused over 24, 18, or 12 hours (two patients each) was found to have no effect on any hormonal level. Infusion of 2 mg of somatostatin over 4 hours, however, was associated with consistent fall in the level of growth hormone (13.6 ± 6.2 to 6.53 ± 2.9, p = 0.15) and glucagon (595.0 ± 73 to 441 ± 28, p < 0.05) in each of four patients. The percentage change in the level of growth hormone and glucagon during the 4-hour somatostatin infusion was significantly different from the change occurring during a 4-hour timed control period (growth hormone —45 ± 18% vs +9 ± 7%, [p < 0.05]), (glucagon −27% ± 2% vs + 8 ± 2%, [p < 0.01]). There was no change in the level of any other hormone during the 4-hour infusion. No significant adverse effects were seen. This study suggests that the intravenous infusion of somatostatin can, at least on an acute basis, lower the level of growth hormone and glucagon in patients with end stage renal failure; and, therefore, it may be useful in further study and possibly the treatment of the hormonal abnormalities of end stage renal disease.

scholarly journals End-Stage Renal Failure Is an Independent Risk Factor for 1-Year Mortality After Hip Fracture Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 215145931877056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Woon Theng Lo ◽  
Xu Yanling ◽  
Andrew Chia Chen Chou ◽  
Tet Sen Howe ◽  
John Carson Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
Hip Fracture Surgery ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Fracture Surgery

Introduction: End-stage renal failure (ESRF) with its associated comorbidities increase postoperative mortality in hip fracture patients. This study investigated the association of ESRF with various comorbidities in patients on dialysis and assessed rates ESRF as an independent risk factor for all-cause postoperative 1- year mortality rates. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study on patients aged 55 years and older who underwent their first nonpathological, low-energy hip fracture surgery at an Asian tertiary hospital from June 2007 to 2012. Patients were identified as cases with ESRF on dialysis (study group) or non-ESRF patients (controls). Various comorbidity factors and postoperative 1-year mortality status were obtained from institutional electronic medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify significant risk factors for all-cause, 1-year mortality. Results: With no loss to follow-up, the 1-year postoperative mortality rate was 19.6% for the 46 patients with ESRF on dialysis and 8.4% for non-ESRF controls ( P = .028). Fisher exact test showed that hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD), diabetes mellitus (DM), anemia, cerebrovascular disease, and vascular disease were significantly associated with ESRF ( P < .05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified ESRF (adjusted odds ratio[AOR] = 2.85, P = .021), cancer (AOR = 3.04, P = .003), IHD (AOR = 2.07, P = .020), DM (AOR = 2.03, P = .022), and age (AOR = 1.08, P <.0001) as independent risk factors for 1-year mortality following hip fracture surgery. The area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) for the multivariable predictor of 1-year mortality was 0.75 (0.60-0.82). Conclusions: Although associated with multiple comorbidities, ESRF was found to be independently predictive of 1-year mortality in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, second to cancer in terms of magnitude of risk posed. As ESRF is a negative prognostic factor for 1-year mortality after hip fracture surgery, its importance should be recognized with implications on preoperative counseling to patients about the increased risk and implications on fracture prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Lower Limb Amputation in Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure on Dialysis: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajit A. Gilhotra ◽  
Beverly T. Rodrigues ◽  
Venkat N. Vangaveti ◽  
Usman H. Malabu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
End Stage

Background.Renal dialysis has recently been recognised as a risk factor for lower limb amputation (LLA). However, exact rates and associated risk factors for the LLA are incompletely understood.Aim.Prevalence and risk factors of LLA in end-stage renal failure (ESRF) subjects on renal dialysis were investigated from the existing literature.Methods.Published data on the subject were derived from MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar search of English language literature from January 1, 1980, to July 31, 2015, using designated key words.Results.Seventy studies were identified out of which 6 full-text published studies were included in this systematic review of which 5 included patients on haemodialysis alone and one included patients on both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The reported findings on prevalence of amputation in the renal failure on dialysis cohort ranged from 1.7% to 13.4%. Five out of the six studies identified diabetes as the leading risk factor for amputation in subjects with ESRF on renal dialysis. Other risk factors identified were high haemoglobin A1c, elevated c-reactive protein, and low serum albumin.Conclusions.This review demonstrates high rate of LLA in ESRF patients receiving dialysis therapy. It has also identified diabetes and markers of inflammation as risk factors of amputation in ESRF subjects on dialysis.

Predictors of Renal Recovery in Australian and New Zealand end-Stage Renal Failure Patients Treated with Peritoneal Dialysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Maree S. Craven ◽  
Carmel M. Hawley ◽  
Stephen P. McDonald ◽  
Johan B. Rosman ◽  
Fiona G. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Cortical Necrosis ◽  
End Stage Renal Failure ◽  
End Stage

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting recovery and durability of dialysis-independent renal function following commencement of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Design Retrospective, observational cohort study of the Australian and New Zealand PD patient population. Setting Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry. Participants The study reviewed all patients in Australia and New Zealand who commenced PD for treatment of end-stage renal failure between 15 May 1963 and 31 December 2004. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcomes examined were recovery of dialysis-independent renal function and time from PD commencement to recovery of renal function. A secondary outcome measure was time to renal death (patient death or recommencement of renal replacement therapy) following recovery of dialysis-independent renal function. Results 24663 patients commenced PD during the study period. Of these, 253 (1%) recovered dialysis-independent renal function. An increased likelihood of recovery was predicted by autoimmune renal disease, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, paraproteinemia, cortical necrosis, renovascular disease, and treatment in New Zealand. A reduced likelihood of recovery was associated with polycystic kidney disease and indigenous race. Analysis of a contemporary subset of 14743 patients in whom complete data were available for body mass index, smoking, and comorbidities yielded comparable results, except that increasing age was additionally associated with a decreased likelihood of recovery. Of the 253 patients who recovered renal function, 151 (60%) recommenced renal replacement therapy and 49 (19%) died within a median period of 226 days (interquartile range 110 – 581 days). The only significant predictors of continued renal survival after renal recovery were autoimmune renal disease and cortical necrosis. Conclusions Recovery of renal function in patients treated with PD is rare and determined mainly by renal disease type and race. In the majority of cases, recovery is short term. The apparently high rate of early patient death or return to dialysis after recovery of renal function on PD raises questions about the appropriateness of discontinuing PD therapy under such circumstances.

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