Intracellular Signaling in Response to Osmotic Stress

1998 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K�ltz ◽  
M.B. Burg
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Intracellular Signaling

scholarly journals Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kamiyama ◽  
Sotaro Katagiri ◽  
Taishi Umezawa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Wide Range

Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism for regulating protein function and controls a wide range of cellular functions including responses to external stimuli. The plant-specific SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) function as central regulators of plant growth and development, as well as tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Although the activity of SnRK2s is tightly regulated in a phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner, recent investigations have revealed that SnRK2s can be activated by group B Raf-like protein kinases independently of ABA. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that SnRK2s modulate plant growth through regulation of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Here, we summarize recent advances in knowledge of how SnRK2s mediate plant growth and osmotic stress signaling and discuss future challenges in this research field.

Osmotic Stress Initiates Intracellular Calcium Waves in Chondrocytes Through Extracellular Influx and the Inositol Phosphate Pathway

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey R. Erickson ◽  
Farshid Guilak
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Mechanical Compression ◽  
Volume Recovery ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Ion

Abstract The biophysical environment of the chondrocytes plays an important role in the health, turnover, and homeostasis of articular cartilage. Under normal physiologic loading, chondrocytes are exposed to a complex and diverse array of biophysical signals, including mechanical and osmotic stresses, fluid flow, and fluid pressures [4]. Due to the charged and hydrated nature of the extracellular matrix, mechanical compression causes exudation of interstitial fluid in cartilage, which alters the osmotic environment of the chondrocytes. Confocal microscopy studies have shown that chondrocytes lose or gain volume in response to tissue compression [4] or changes in extracellular osmolarity [3]. The active process of volume recovery subsequent to osmotic shock has been shown to initiate intracellular signaling cascades [2], which may in turn alter cellular metabolism [6]. Although the mechanisms of intracellular signaling in response to osmotic stress are not fully understood, it has been hypothesized that intracellular transients and oscillations of calcium ion (Ca2+) are involved. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that osmotic stress initiates a transient increase in the concentration of intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i), and to determine the mechanisms of Ca2+ mobilization in isolated chondrocytes exposed to hypo- and hyper-osmotic stress.

Recombinant FSH and biosimilars result in different intracellular signaling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Riccetti ◽  
Samantha Sperduti ◽  
Clara Lazzaretti ◽  
Simonetta Tagliavini ◽  
Manuela Simoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Recombinant Fsh

Glioblastoma invasion and NMDA receptors: A novel prospect

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
DN Nandakumar ◽  
P Ramaswamy ◽  
C Prasad ◽  
D Srinivas ◽  
K Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Matrigel Invasion ◽  
Nmdar Activation ◽  
And Migration

Purpose Glioblastoma cells create glutamate-rich tumor microenvironment, which initiates activation of ion channels and modulates downstream intracellular signaling. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs; a type of glutamate receptors) have a high affinity for glutamate. The role of NMDAR activation on invasion of glioblastoma cells and the crosstalk with α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) is yet to be explored. Main methods LN18, U251MG, and patient-derived glioblastoma cells were stimulated with NMDA to activate NMDAR glutamate receptors. The role of NMDAR activation on invasion and migration and its crosstalk with AMPAR were evaluated. Invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells were investigated by in vitro trans-well Matrigel invasion and trans-well migration assays, respectively. Expression of NMDARs and AMPARs at transcript level was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results We determined that NMDA stimulation leads to enhanced invasion in LN18, U251MG, and patient-derived glioblastoma cells, whereas inhibition of NMDAR using MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDAR, significantly decreased the invasive capacity. Concordant with these findings, migration was significantly augmented by NMDAR in both cell lines. Furthermore, NMDA stimulation upregulated the expression of GluN2 and GluA1 subunits at the transcript level. Conclusions This study demonstrated the previously unexplored role of NMDAR in invasion of glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, the expression of the GluN2 subunit of NMDAR and the differential overexpression of the GluA1 subunit of AMPAR in both cell lines provide a plausible rationale of crosstalk between these calcium-permeable subunits in the glutamate-rich microenvironment of glioblastoma.

Natural Killer Cell Inspired AIE Nanoterminator for Blood-Brain-Barrier Crossing via Tight-Junction Modulation and NIR-II Gliomas Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanjun Deng ◽  
Xinghua Peng ◽  
Zhihong Sun ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cell ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Cascade

Nature has always inspired robotic designs and concepts. It is conceivable that biomimic nanorobots will soon play a prominent role in medicine. In this paper, we developed a natural killer cell-mimic AIE nanoterminator (NK@AIEdots) by coating natural kill cell membrane on the AIE-active polymeric endoskeleton, PBPTV, a highly bright NIR-II AIE-active conjugated polymer. Owning to the AIE and soft-matter characteristics of PBPTV, as-prepared nanoterminator maintained the superior NIR-II brightness (quantum yield ~8%) and good biocompatibility. Besides, they could serve as tight junctions (TJs) modulator to trigger an intracellular signaling cascade, causing TJs disruption and actin cytoskeleton reorganization to form intercellular “green channel” to help themselves crossing Blood-Brain Barriers (BBB) silently. Furthermore, they could initiatively accumulate to glioblastoma cells in the complex brain matrix for high-contrast and through-skull tumor imaging. The tumor growth was also greatly inhibited by these nanoterminator under the NIR light illumination. As far as we known, The QY of PBPTV is the highest among the existing NIR-II luminescent conjugated polymers. Besides, the NK-cell biomimetic nanorobots will open new avenue for BBB-crossing delivery.

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