EAU Guidelines for the Management of Urinary and Male Genital Tract Infections1

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt G. Naber ◽  
Bo Bergman ◽  
Michael C. Bishop ◽  
Truls E. Bjerklund-Johansen ◽  
Henry Botto ◽  
...  
Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. R99-R110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti ◽  
Rubén Darío Motrich ◽  
Maria Teresa Damiani ◽  
Héctor Alex Saka ◽  
Cristian Andrés Quintero ◽  
...  

Chlamydia trachomatisis the most commonly reported agent of sexually transmitted bacterial infections worldwide. This pathogen frequently leads to persistent, long-term, subclinical infections, which in turn may cause severe pathology in susceptible hosts. This is in part due to the strategies thatChlamydia trachomatisuses to survive within epithelial cells and to evade the host immune response, such as subverting intracellular trafficking, interfering signaling pathways and preventing apoptosis. Innate immune receptors such as toll-like receptors expressed on epithelial and immune cells in the genital tract mediate the recognition of chlamydial molecular patterns. After bacterial recognition, a subset of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are continuously released by epithelial cells. The innate immune response is followed by the initiation of the adaptive response againstChlamydia trachomatis, which in turn may result in T helper 1-mediated protection or in T helper 2-mediated immunopathology. Understanding the molecular mechanisms developed byChlamydia trachomatisto avoid killing and host immune response would be crucial for designing new therapeutic approaches and developing protective vaccines. In this review, we focus on chlamydial survival strategies and the elicited immune responses in male genital tract infections.


2018 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Trung Thuan Phan ◽  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Thanh Hue Dinh ◽  
Phong Son Dinh ◽  
Kieu Oanh Truong ◽  
...  

Objectives: To find a model that is effective intervention to reduce the incidence of lower genital tract infections in Khmer women. Subjects and Methods: The intervention study is carried which compared the test group with the control group of 400 Khmer women, aged 15 to 49 in Can Tho city. Results: The common knowledge of the prevention of lower genital tract infections in the intervention group increased from 30.9% in the control group to 54.5% in the intervention group. The general attitude toward the use of lower genital tract infections increased from 22.3% in the control group to 78.0% in the intervention group. This is a very significant improvement. The prevalence of subclinical infection of the intervention group (26.0%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (39.3%), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Intervention effectiveness is good in both knowledge, attitudes and practices, especially the effectiveness of interventions in practice in Khmer women. Key words: Effective intervention, lower genital tract infections, Khmer women, Can Tho city


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