Observations on Edema Formation and Resolution in Gleich Syndrome: Essential Role of the Kidneys in Effective Arterial Blood Volume Regulation

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagatay Oktenli ◽  
Fatih Bulucu ◽  
Murat Gurbuz ◽  
Ergün Bozoglu ◽  
Yusuf Oguz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Volume

Reflection photoplethysmography of arterial-blood-volume pulses

1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weinman ◽  
A. Hayat ◽  
G. Raviv
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Volume

The Role of Aquaporins in Cerebral Volume Regulation and Edema Formation

2000 ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Zsolt Vajda ◽  
Dominique Promeneur ◽  
Tamás Dóczi ◽  
Endre Sulyok ◽  
Jørgen Frøkiær ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Edema Formation

scholarly journals The VEGF gene polymorphism impacts brain volume and arterial blood volume

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Hiroaki Tomita ◽  
Yasuyuki Taki ◽  
Yoshie Kikuchi ◽  
Chiaki Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Vegf Gene ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Volume ◽  
Vegf Gene Polymorphism

Gastric microvascular actions of platelet-activating factor: role of leukocytes

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. G537-G544
Author(s):  
J. G. Wood ◽  
Z. Y. Yan ◽  
L. Y. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Alpha Chloralose

This study examined the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the gastric microcirculation. We measured changes in vascular resistance and filtration during intra-arterial infusion of graded doses of PAF and its metabolite, lyso-PAF, to an ex vivo gastric segment of alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs. PAF produced dose-related sustained increases in vascular resistance (2-150 nM; n = 6). Filtration and venous hematocrit were also both significantly increased by PAF. In contrast, there were no statistically significant changes in these measurements with lyso-PAF (n = 6). Filtration and venous hematocrit were not significantly changed by norepinephrine at doses that increased perfusion pressure to the same degree as PAF (n = 4). PAF also increased filtration in the absence of changes in perfusion pressure (during maximal vasodilation induced with papaverine). Finally, removal of leukocytes from gastric arterial blood significantly attenuated these responses to PAF. Our results suggest that PAF-induced mucosal ischemia is primarily due to vasoconstriction and may involve edema formation due to increased filtration as well. In addition, these responses to PAF appear to be largely dependent on circulating leukocytes.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and Treatment of Refractory Oedema in Nephrotic Syndrome

EMJ Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jethwani ◽  
Namrata Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Loop Diuretics ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Oedema Formation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
Arterial Blood Volume

Oedema is a hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome (NS) and can cause significant patient morbidity. The pathogenesis of oedema formation is complex and results from abnormalities in sodium retention, inter-play of neurohormonal factors, and changes in capillary filtration barrier. Salt retention is often primary (‘overfill’ theory) because of increased sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity in the collecting duct cells, increased direct epithelial sodium channel activation (ENaC) by urinary proteases (independent of aldosterone), and an overall increased effective arterial blood volume. However, a subset of patients with NS, especially children, demonstrate decreased effective arterial blood volume (‘underfill’ theory) and secondary sodium retention as the primary mechanism of oedema formation. Increased capillary permeability and vascular inflammation contributes as well. Loop diuretics with or without salt-poor albumin are the mainstay of therapy in adults, although no large clinical trials exist to guide diuretic choice or dosage. Combination diuretic therapy is recommended to achieve multi-site nephron blockade and overcome diuretic resistance, which is a frequent challenge. Use of direct ENaC inhibitors (amiloride) in combination with loop diuretics may be especially beneficial given the primary role of ENaC in sodium retention. Aquaretics such as vasopressin receptor antagonists may have a role in treatment as well. Well-designed clinical trials are essential to guide therapy of refractory oedema in NS. In this review, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of oedema formation in patients with NS and propose a treatment algorithm for management of resistant oedema based on the limited available evidence.

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences in Arterial Responses to Hypercapnia and Visual Stimulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ching Lynn Ho ◽  
Esben Thade Petersen ◽  
Ivan Zimine ◽  
Xavier Golay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Volume

Despite the different origins of cerebrovascular activity induced by neurogenic and nonneurogenic conditions, a standard assumption in functional studies is that the consequence on the vascular system will be mechanically similar. Using a recently developed arterial spin labeling method, we examined arterial blood volume, arterial-microvascular transit time, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the gray matter and in areas with large arterial vessels under hypercapnia, visual stimulation, and a combination of the two. Spatial heterogeneity in arterial reactivity was observed between conditions. During hypercapnia, large arterial volume changes contributed to CBF increase and further downstream, there were reductions in the gray matter transit time. These changes were not significant during visual stimulation, and during the combined condition they were moderated. These findings suggest distinct vascular mechanisms for large and small arterial segments that may be condition specific. However, the power relationships between gray matter arterial blood volume and CBF in hypercapnia (α = 0.69 ± 0.24) and visual stimulation (α = 0.68 ± 0.20) were similar. Assuming consistent capillary and venous volume responses across these conditions, these results offer support for a consistent total CBV–flow relationship typically assumed in blood oxygen-level dependent calibration techniques.

scholarly journals Correlation between arterial blood volume obtained by arterial spin labelling and cerebral blood volume in intracranial tumours

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle van Westen ◽  
Esben T. Petersen ◽  
Ronnie Wirestam ◽  
Roger Siemund ◽  
Karin Markenroth Bloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Arterial Spin Labelling ◽  
Intracranial Tumours ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Volume ◽  
Spin Labelling
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