Relationship between Inflammatory Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Pathologic Changes in the Lung Interstitium

Respiration ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiharu Yoshii ◽  
Nobuhiko Nagata ◽  
Yoshiaki Tao ◽  
Rika Suematsu ◽  
Yoshihiko Nikaido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lavage Fluid

Anti-inflammatory effects of zinc and alterations in zinc transporter mRNA in mouse models of allergic inflammation

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. L577-L584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Lang ◽  
Chiara Murgia ◽  
Mary Leong ◽  
Lor-Wai Tan ◽  
Giuditta Perozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Gene Array ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Solute Carrier Family ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Solute Carrier

There is clinical evidence linking asthma with the trace element, zinc (Zn). Using a mouse model of allergic inflammation, we have previously shown that labile Zn decreases in inflamed airway epithelium (Truong-Tran AQ, Ruffin RE, Foster PS, Koskinen AM, Coyle P, Philcox JC, Rofe AM, Zalewski PD. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 27: 286–296, 2002). Moreover, mild nutritional Zn deficiency worsens lung function. Recently, a number of proteins belonging to the Solute Carrier Family 39 (ZIP) and Solute Carrier Family 30 (ZnT) have been identified that bind Zn and regulate Zn homeostasis. Mice were sensitized, and subsequently aerochallenged, with ovalbumin to induce acute and chronic airway inflammation. Mice received 0, 54, or 100 μg of Zn intraperitoneally. Tissues were analyzed for Zn content and histopathology. Inflammatory cells were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cytokine and Zn transporter mRNA levels were determined by cDNA gene array and/or real-time PCR. Zn supplementation decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophils by 40 and 80%, and lymphocytes by 55 and 66%, in the acute and chronic models, respectively. Alterations in Zn transporter expression were observed during acute inflammation, including increases in ZIP1 and ZIP14 and decreases in ZIP4 and ZnT4. Zn supplementation normalized ZIP1 and ZIP14, but it did not affect mRNA levels of cytokines or their receptors. Our results indicate that inflammation-induced alterations in Zn transporter gene expression are directed toward increasing Zn uptake. Increases in Zn uptake may be needed to counteract the local loss of Zn in the airway and to meet an increased demand for Zn-dependent proteins. The reduction of inflammatory cells by Zn in the airways provides support for Zn supplementation trials in human asthmatic individuals.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF TWO TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSING INFLAMMATORY CELLS IN BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID. 2021

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 339-339
Author(s):  
Jan R McColm ◽  
Andrew J Lyon ◽  
Linda Middlemist ◽  
Neil Mclntosh
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lavage Fluid

scholarly journals Effects of Roflumilast, Selective PDE4 Inhibitor, on Airway Reactivity in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Guinea Pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Nirmathan Tharmalingam ◽  
I. Medvedova ◽  
A. Eichlerova ◽  
M. Prso ◽  
D. Mokra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pde4 Inhibitor ◽  
Airway Reactivity

Abstract Background: Roflumilast as a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor has shown to increase lung functions and decrease the number of exacerbations in chronic obstructive lung disease. In this study, its ability to decrease the airway hyperresponsiveness in a model of eosinophil inflammation was evaluated. Methods: Healthy adult male guinea pigs were divided into groups as follows: the first group was considered as a healthy control group (without sensitization and therapy), animals in the second group were sensitized with ovalbumin, but left without further treatment, and the animals in the third group were sensitized with ovalbumin and treated with roflumilast perorally for 7 consecutive days. In vivo airway reactivity was evaluated using double-chamber whole body plethysmograph and measuring the specific airway resistance after nebulization of histamine aerosol. In vitro experiments were performed with tissue strips of trachea and lungs in organ bath, where their contractile responses to cumulative doses of acetylcholine and histamine were registered. The numbers of inflammatory cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured using standard staining. Results: Guinea pigs with roflumilast treatment showed decreased in vivo and in vitro airway reactivity associated with suppressed recruitment of inflammatory cells (especially eosinophils) in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusion: Roflumilast has demonstrated the therapeutic potential in the model of ovalbumin induced eosinophil inflammation typically present in patients with bronchial asthma.

CYFRA 21-1, a Cytokeratin Subunit 19 Fragment, in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kanazawa ◽  
Takahiro Yoshikawa ◽  
Masashi Yamada ◽  
Seiichi Shoji ◽  
Tatsuo Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Arterial Oxygen

1. It has been suggested that CYFRA21-1, a cytokeratin subunit 19 fragment, is potentially useful for diagnosis and monitoring of lung carcinoma. However, serum levels of CYFRA21-1 are also increased in a high proportion of patients with interstitial lung disease. In this study we measured CYFRA21-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 10 normal subjects, 18 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 14 patients with sarcoidosis, and determined whether any relationship exists between CYFRA21-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and clinical parameters. 2. CYFRA21-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly higher in patients with sarcoidosis (mean value 8.3 ng/ml, P < 0.01) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (42.5 ng/ml, P < 0.005) than in normal controls (1.0 ng/ml). Moreover, higher CYFRA21-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were found in sarcoidosis patients in radiological stage 2 or 3 than in those in stage 1. In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, there was a significant correlation between CYFRA21-1 levels, and percentage of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (r = 0.56, P < 0.05) and the magnitude of the alveolar — arterial oxygen pressure difference [P(a — a)o2] gradient (r = 0.66, P < 0.01). 3. Serial bronchoalveolar lavage samples were obtained from six patients with clinically active pneumonitis after they had undergone systemic corticosteroid therapy. CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly lower after these patients exhibited clinical improvement (P < 0.05). 4. These findings suggest that the level of CYFRA21-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is a useful marker for the clinical diagnosis of pneumonitis, and is also adequate for the evaluation of disease activity, especially over the course of treatment.

scholarly journals Leukocytic cell sources of airway tissue kallikrein

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. L734-L740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel T. Lauredo ◽  
Rosanna M. Forteza ◽  
Yelena Botvinnikova ◽  
William M. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Tissue Kallikrein

Lung tissue kallikrein (TK) is a serine proteinase that putatively plays a role in the pathophysiology of asthma by generating kallidin and bradykinin, mediators that contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness. In previous studies we observed biphasic increases in TK activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following airway allergen challenge in allergic sheep. Although glandular TK is likely a major source of the initial increase in TK, the sources of the late increases in TK that are associated with the development of airway hyperresponsiveness may be dependent on activated resident and recruited inflammatory cells including alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils (PMNs). These cells increase concomitantly with the late increases in TK activity. To test this hypothesis, we obtained AMs from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and PMNs and monocytes (precursors of AMs) from sheep blood and determined whether these cells contained TK and whether these same cells could release TK upon activation. Using confocal microscopy, immunocytochemical techniques, and enzyme activity assays, we found that all three cell types contained and secreted TK. All three cell types demonstrated basal release of TK, which could be increased after stimulation with zymosan. In addition, PMNs also released TK in the presence of phorbol ester, suggesting multiple secretory pathways in these cells. Furthermore, we showed that human monocytes also contain and secrete TK. We conclude that in the airways, monocytes, PMNs, and AMs may contribute to increased TK activity. Knowing the sources of TK in the airways could be important in understanding the mechanisms of inflammation that contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma and may help in the development of new therapies to control the disease.

scholarly journals Influence of sensitization and allergen provocation procedures on the development of allergen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in conscious, unrestrained guinea-pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Santing ◽  
C. G. Olymulder ◽  
B. van Diepen ◽  
H. Meurs ◽  
J. Zaagsma
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Bronchial Hyperreactivity ◽  
Cellular Activation ◽  
Allergen Provocation ◽  
Similar Development

The effects of different sensitization and allergen provocation regimens on the development of allergen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) to histamine were investigated in conscious, unrestrained guinea-pigs. Similar early and late phase asthmatic reactions, BHR for inhaled histamine after the early (6 h) as well as after the late reaction (24 h), and airway inflammation were observed after a single allergen provocation in animals sensitized to produce mainly IgG or IgE antibodies, respectively. Repeating the allergen provocation in the IgE-sensitized animals after 7 days, using identical provocation conditions, resulted in a similar development of BHR to histamine inhalation. Repetition of the allergen provocation during 4 subsequent days resulted in a decreased development of BHR after each provocation, despite a significant increase in the allergen provocation dose necessary to obtain similar airway obstruction. The number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage was not significantly changed after repeated provocation, when compared with a single allergen provocation. Finally, we investigated allergen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity by repetition of the sensitization procedure at day 7 and 14 (booster), followed by repeated allergen provocation twice a week for 5 weeks. Surprisingly, no BHR to histamine could be observed after either provocation, while the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after 5 weeks was enhanced compared with controls. These data indicate that both IgE and IgG sensitized guinea-pigs may develop bronchial hyperreactivity after a single allergen provocation. Repeated allergen exposure of IgE sensitized animals causes a gradual fading of the induced hyperreactivity despite the on-going presence of inflammatory cells in the airways, indicating a mechanism of reduced cellular activation.

scholarly journals Expression of Interleukin-17A in Lung Tissues of Irradiated Mice and the Influence of Dexamethasone

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
Yan-Wen Wang ◽  
Bao-Zhong Wang ◽  
Gui-Ming Sun ◽  
Xiu-Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Radiation Induced

Purpose.To investigate the expressions of IL-17A in different phases of radiation-induced lung injury and the effect of dexamethasone.Methods.The thorax of C57BL/6 mice was irradiated with 15 Gy rays. Mice from dexamethasone-treated group were injected intraperitoneally with dexamethasone (0.42 mg/kg/day) every day for the first month after irradiation. IL-17A in lung tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. IL-17A, TGF-β1, and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected by ELISA. Lung inflammation and collagen deposition were observed by H&E and Masson methods. The degree of alveolitis and fibrosis was judged according to scoring.Results.IL-17A expression was appreciable at 1 week, peaked at 4 weeks, and subsequently declined at 8 weeks after irradiation. IL-17A was reduced after dexamethasone application at all the observation periods. Dexamethasone also inhibited expressions of TGF-β, IL-6, and TNF-αin bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, dexamethasone attenuated the severity of lung injury by reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen deposition. Terms of survival and the time of death in mice of treatment group were postponed and survival rate was improved.Conclusions.IL-17A plays an important role in the process of radiation-induced lung injury. And dexamethasone may provide a protective role in lung injury induced by radiation.

scholarly journals Number and activity of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in asthma and their relation to airway responsiveness.

Thorax ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Kelly ◽  
C Ward ◽  
C S Stenton ◽  
G Bird ◽  
D J Hendrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Airway Responsiveness
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