Bactericidal Activity of Gatifloxacin (AM-1155) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis in an in vitro Bladder Model Simulating Human Urinary Concentrations after Oral Administration

Chemotherapy ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Takahashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Ebisu ◽  
Takaoki Hirose ◽  
Masato Sano ◽  
Masahiro Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Bladder Model

ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA IN VITRO DO EXTRATO AQUOSO, HIDROALCOÓLICO E ALCOÓLICO DE FOLHAS DE ESPÉCIES DA FAMÍLIA LAMIACEAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlynne Freire Mendonça ◽  
José Klauber Roger Carneiro ◽  
Maria Auxiliadora Silva Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Objetivos: avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana em extrato aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico das folhas de espécies da família Lamiaceae frente a bactérias de interesse. Método: Foram escolhidas quatro espécies: Ocimum gratissimum, Plectranthus amboinicus, Mentha arvensis e Plectranthus barbatus. A partir das folhas foram confeccionados os extratos aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico nas concentrações 100mg/mL, 50mg/mL e 25mg/mL. Foram selecionadas as bactérias Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa para os ensaios de antibiose em Ágar Mueller-Hinton. Resultados: P. barbatus, em seu extrato hidroalcoólico mostrou ativo nas três concentrações para bactéria S. aureus, e ainda foi ativo para P. aeruginosa, demonstrando no extrato alcoólico atividade frente as bactérias. Para M. arvensis e P. amboinicus, seus extratos hidroalcoólico e alcoólico apresentaram atividade para S. aureus. Conclusão: Sugere-se que as espécies em questão apresentem boa atividade antimicrobiana, sendo necessária a realização de mais estudos para melhor entender esse mecanismo.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma: AnIn VitroStudy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Cieślik-Bielecka ◽  
Tadeusz Bold ◽  
Grzegorz Ziółkowski ◽  
Marcin Pierchała ◽  
Aleksandra Królikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bovine Thrombin ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The aim of the study was to investigate the leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) antimicrobial activity. The studied sample comprised 20 healthy males. The L-PRP gel, liquid L-PRP, and thrombin samples were testedin vitrofor their antibacterial properties against selected bacterial strains using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Two types of thrombin were used (autologous and bovine). Zones of inhibition produced by L-PRP ranged between 6 and 18 mm in diameter. L-PRP inhibited the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA and MSSA strains) and was also active againstEnterococcus faecalisandPseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no activity againstEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae. The statistically significant increase of L-PRP antimicrobial effect was noted with the use of major volume of thrombin as an activator. Additionally, in groups where a bovine thrombin mixture was added to L-PRP the zones of inhibition concerning MRSA,Enterococcus faecalis, andPseudomonas aeruginosawere larger than in the groups with autologous thrombin. Based on the conducted studies, it can be determined that L-PRP can evokein vitroantimicrobial effects and might be used to treat selected infections in the clinical field. The major volume of thrombin as an activator increases the strength of the L-PRP antimicrobial effect.

scholarly journals Efeito antimicrobiano do extrato de Cranberry sobre micro-organismos causadores de infecção urinária

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Carla Franco Porto Belmont Souza ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Souza da Silva Irineu ◽  
Renan Silva De Souza ◽  
Renato da Silva Teixeira ◽  
Ivina Sanches Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Mueller Hinton

A resistência microbiana tem se mostrado um problema de proporções mundiais, causando estado de morbidade e mortalidade em diversos pacientes. Em vista disso, tem crescido a busca por métodos alternativos naturais de profilaxia. A investigação clínica sugere que o Extrato de Cranberry está entre as melhores propostas de prevenção natural. O Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) é um fruto que tem crescido comercialmente pelo sabor e propriedades benéficas à saúde. Dentre as formas comercializadas estão: o suco, o chá e as cápsulas contendo o extrato seco. A ação desta planta está relacionada ao tratamento de doenças do trato urinário, por possuir substâncias que inibem a adesão bacteriana ao epitélio do trato urinário, dificultando sua proliferação e reprodução. Dentre todas as infecções relacionadas à assistência a saúde, a Infecção do Trato Urinário é a mais frequentemente associada a procedimentos invasivos. Se não for tratada, pode resultar em complicações como pielonefrite aguda, bacteremia e pionefrose. Portanto, cranberry pode ser uma nova alternativa para o combate das infecções uroepiteliais, por ser um produto natural de preço acessível, e com formas de comercialização diversificada, ao contrário dos antimicrobianos convencionais, que por sua vez são caros e podem acabar causando resistência nos micro-organismos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de Cranberry, adquirido em farmácia de manipulação, sobre 8 micro-organismos isolados de infecções urinárias. As cepas utilizadas, adquiridas da coleção da FIOCRUZ, foram: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marscecens, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium. No estudo, foram utilizados o caldo Mueller Hinton (MH), Extrato de Cranberry e as bactérias patogênicas. O ensaio foi realizado em triplicata, com o uso de um controle de crescimento dos micro-organismos e o experimento para avaliação do crescimento bacteriano na presença do extrato. A turbidez foi medida com o auxílio de um espectrofotômetro, no comprimento de onda de 600 nm, antes e após 24 horas de incubação à 37 ºC. O procedimento forneceu a Densidade Ótica, do qual possibilitou a identificação da inibição microbiana. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Teste t de Student. O Extrato de Cranberry apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marscecens e Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0,05), confirmando seu efeito benéfico em infecções urinárias. No entanto, não teve efeito inibitório significativo sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis e Enterococcus faecium (p > 0,05).

scholarly journals In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Human β-Defensin 3 against Multidrug-Resistant Nosocomial Strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 806-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppantonio Maisetta ◽  
Giovanna Batoni ◽  
Semih Esin ◽  
Walter Florio ◽  
Daria Bottai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii was evaluated. A fast bactericidal effect (within 20 min) against all bacterial strains tested was observed. The presence of 20% human serum abolished the bactericidal activity of hBD-3 against gram-negative strains and reduced the activity of the peptide against gram-positive strains.

scholarly journals Bactericidal Activity of Gentamicin againstEnterococcus faecalis In Vitro and In Vivo

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2077-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Lefort ◽  
Michel Arthur ◽  
Louis Garry ◽  
Claude Carbon ◽  
Patrice Courvalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT The activity of gentamicin at various concentrations against two strains of Enterococcus faecalis was investigated in vitro and in a rabbit model of aortic endocarditis. In vitro, gentamicin at 0.5 to 4 times the MIC failed to reduce the number of bacteria at 24 h. Rabbit or human serum dramatically increased gentamicin activity, leading to a ≥3-log10 CFU/ml decrease in bacterial counts when the drug concentration exceeded the MIC. Susceptibility testing in the presence of serum was predictive of in vivo activity, since gentamicin alone significantly reduced the number of surviving bacteria in the vegetations if the peak-to-MIC ratio was greater than 1. However, gentamicin selected resistant mutants in rabbits. The intrinsic activity of gentamicin should be taken into account in evaluation of combinations of gentamicin and cell wall-active agents against enterococci.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Vascular Implants to Colonization in vitro by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Witold Woźniak ◽  
Aleksandra Kozińska ◽  
Piotr Ciostek ◽  
Izabela Sitkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Pericardial Patch ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Omniflow Ii

We compared association of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis with nine vascular implants after co-culture. Vascular implants were composed of various materials such as warp knitted polyester (with or without gelatin and silver ions), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and biological materials – surface treated porcine pericardial patch and Omniflow II. The lowest overall number of associated bacteria was detected for polytetrafluoroethylene implants and porcine pericardial patch. The highest overall number of associated bacteria was detected for Omniflow II implant. The major source of variation, i.e. primary factor influencing colonization, is the implant type (56.22%), bacterial species is responsible for only 1.81%, and interaction of those two factors – 13.09% of variation.

scholarly journals In vitro pharmacodynamics of ceftazidime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2053-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Manduru ◽  
L B Mihm ◽  
R L White ◽  
L V Friedrich ◽  
P A Flume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Emax Model ◽  
Percent Difference

The concentration/MIC (C/MIC) ratio maximizing the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime against 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients was identified. Bactericidal activity was assessed by determining the percent difference in the area under the killing curve at each C/MIC ratio for all of the isolates from that of their growth control. The percent effect at each C/MIC ratio was fitted to a sigmoidal Emax model with maximum bactericidal activity defined as the C/MIC ratio that produced an effect that was 90% of the Emax. Our results suggest that at least some isolates may require higher C/MIC ratios than previously reported for maximal activity.

scholarly journals 1559. Ertapenem Plus Ceftriaxone or Ceftaroline Dual Β-Lactam Combination for Enterococcus faecalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S569-S569
Author(s):  
Jaclyn A Cusumano ◽  
Kathryn E Daffinee ◽  
Kerry LaPlante
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Abstract Background Ampicillin-ceftriaxone β-lactam therapy has become the standard of care for treating serious Enterococcus faecalis infections. Alternative regimens are of interest due to ceftriaxone’s association with C. difficile infections and VRE colonization, and ampicillin’s instability and inconvenient dosing schedule. Methods E. faecalis wild-type strain JH2-2 was utilized in a 48-hour in vitro pharmacodynamic model with a starting inoculum of 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. Models were performed in duplicate to triplicate. Simulated doses of ertapenem 1g every 24 hours (fCmax 12.2 μg/mL; half-life 4 hours; MIC 4 μg/mL), ceftriaxone 2 g every 12 hours (fCmax 28.5 μg/mL; half-life 6.5 hours; MIC 512 μg/mL), and ceftaroline 600 mg every 8 hours (fCmax 27.1 μg/mL; half-life 2.7 hours; MIC 2 μg/mL) were tested. Ertapenem was also combined with ceftriaxone or ceftaroline. Bacterial counts were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 24, 32, and 48 hours. Bactericidal activity was defined as ≥ 3-log10 CFU/mL reduction from the initial inoculum. MICs were assessed at 0, 24, and 48 hours using E-tests in accordance with CLSI. Results Ertapenem plus ceftriaxone, and ertapenem plus ceftaroline demonstrated bactericidal activity at 24 hours, but bacterial regrowth was observed at 48 hours (Table 1). An ertapenem MIC increase was only noted in one set of the ertapenem plus ceftriaxone models to 16mcg/mL at 48 hours, from 4mcg/mL at 0 hours. All other models did not have an increase in MIC. Conclusion Bactericidal activity of ertapenem-based dual β-lactam combinations may prove to be an alternative treatment for severe E. faecalis infections. Mechanistic understanding of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) saturation and optimization of antimicrobial pharmacodynamics must be explored. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals In vitro bactericidal activity of amoxicillin combined with different cephalosporins against endocarditis-associated Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 3511-3514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Peiffer-Smadja ◽  
Elena Guillotel ◽  
David Luque-Paz ◽  
Naouale Maataoui ◽  
F -Xavier Lescure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Free Plasma

Abstract Background The combination of amoxicillin with cefazolin could be an interesting regimen for the empirical therapy of severe infective endocarditis, but its activity against enterococci is unknown. Objectives To evaluate in vitro the bactericidal activity of the combination of amoxicillin with different cephalosporins including cefazolin. Methods Combinations of amoxicillin (at MIC×¼) with cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftaroline or ceftobiprole (at the mean free plasma concentration) were studied using time–kill experiments for 10 endocarditis-associated Enterococcus faecalis strains and 2 reference strains. Results The combinations amoxicillin/cefazolin, amoxicillin/cefotaxime, amoxicillin/ceftriaxone and amoxicillin/cefepime were synergistic at 12 and 24 h against 12/12 strains and amoxicillin/ceftobiprole and amoxicillin/ceftaroline against 10/12 strains. The combination amoxicillin/cefepime was bactericidal at 24 h against 9/12 strains, the combination amoxicillin/cefazolin against 8/12 strains, the combinations amoxicillin/ceftaroline, amoxicillin/cefotaxime and amoxicillin/ceftobiprole against 7/12 strains and the combination amoxicillin/ceftriaxone against 6/12 strains. Conclusions The combination amoxicillin/cefazolin is as synergistic and bactericidal in vitro as amoxicillin/cefotaxime or amoxicillin/ceftriaxone against E. faecalis.

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