scholarly journals Effect of Various Anions and Zwitterions on the Lasing Properties of a Photostable Cationic Laser Dye

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Kauffman ◽  
James H. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Laser Output ◽  
Output Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Laser Dye ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Quaternary Salts

An unusually photostable cationic laser dye first prepared by quaternization of the free base 4PyMPO (Figure 1) with methyl p-toluenesulfonate unexpectedly had, when flashlamp pumped in methanol, half the energy output of four other N-methyl quaternary salts: the methanesulfonate, the trifluoromethanesulfonate, the perchlorate, and the tetrafluoroborate. When four homologous zwitterions (Figure 2) prepared from 4PyMPO were tested in methanol, the output energies ranged from 1.4 to 2.5 times that of the p-toluenesulfonate, and up to 1.3 times that of the salt with the highest output. When flashlamp pumped in water, the zwitterions showed 1.5 to 2.0 times the output energy of the p-toluenesulfonate in water. Many of the dyes displayed laser output curves that were split in the middle, so that lasing energy appeared on either side of a dark valley. Among the zwitterions, a regular shifting from red to blue was observed as the carbon chain length was increased.

Ionic liquid-biosurfactant blends as effective dispersants for oil spills: Effect of carbon chain length and degree of saturation

2021 ◽  
pp. 117119
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Masahiro Goto ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

Controlling the Secondary Assembly of Porous Anionic Uranyl-organic Polyhedra through Organic Cationic Templates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zeng ◽  
Kong-qiu Hu ◽  
Zhi-wei Huang ◽  
Lei Mei ◽  
Xianghe Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Organic Templates ◽  
Secondary Assembly

Herein, we report a new uranyl-organic polyhedron U4L4 (L=BTPCA) assembled from uranyl and a semirigid tritopic ligand. By adjusting the carbon chain length of the organic templates, two complexes can...

Effect of carbon chain length on biological activity of novel palladium (II) complexes

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Jun Gao ◽  
Hong Fu ◽  
Ming-Chang Zhu ◽  
Chi Ma ◽  
Shi-Kai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

scholarly journals Studies on Surfactants, Cosurfactants, and Oils for Prospective Use in Formulation of Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Nanoemulsions

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Shahla S. Smail ◽  
Mowafaq M. Ghareeb ◽  
Huner K. Omer ◽  
Ali A. Al-Kinani ◽  
Raid G. Alany
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Molecular Descriptors ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Log P ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Tween 60

Nanoemulsions (NE) are isotropic, dispersions of oil, water, surfactant(s) and cosurfactant(s). A range of components (11 surfactants, nine cosurfactants, and five oils) were investigated as potential excipients for preparation of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) ocular nanoemulsion. Diol cosurfactants were investigated for the effect of their carbon chain length and dielectric constant (DEC), Log P, and HLB on saturation solubility of KT. Hen’s Egg Test—ChorioAllantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay was used to evaluate conjunctival irritation of selected excipients. Of the investigated surfactants, Tween 60 achieved the highest KT solubility (9.89 ± 0.17 mg/mL), followed by Cremophor RH 40 (9.00 ± 0.21 mg/mL); amongst cosurfactants of interest ethylene glycol yielded the highest KT solubility (36.84 ± 0.40 mg/mL), followed by propylene glycol (26.23 ± 0.82 mg/mL). The solubility of KT in cosurfactants was affected by four molecular descriptors: carbon chain length, DEC, log P and HLB. KT solubility was directly proportional to DEC and the HLB yet, inversely proportional to carbon chain length and log P. All surfactants, except Labrasol ALF, were non-irritant. The majority of cosurfactants were slightly irritant, butylene glycol was a moderate irritant, pentylene and hexylene glycols were strong irritants. These findings will inform experiments aimed at developing NE formulations for ocular administration of KT.

The Use of N-alkanes for Estimating Intake and Passage Rate in Horses

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
R W Mayes ◽  
F D DeB Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

Alkanes occur naturally in all plants, although forage crops tend to have higher alkane contents than cereals. N-alkanes have odd-numbered carbon chains. They are ideal for use as markers in feed trials, because, they are inert, indigestible and naturally occurring, and can be recovered in animal faeces. Synthetic alkanes (even-numbered carbon chains) are available commercially and can also used as external markers. Dove and Mayes (1991) cite evidence indicating that faecal recovery of alkanes in ruminants increases with increasing carbon-chain length. Thus the alkane “pairs” (e.g. C35 & C36, and C32 & C33) are used in calculating intake and digestibility because they are long chain and adjacent to each other. However, recent work by Cuddeford and Mayes (unpublished) has found that in horses the faecal recovery rates are similar regardless of chain lengths.

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