scholarly journals Temporal Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Skin Malignant Melanoma in China from 1990 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ruhai Bai ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
Minmin Li ◽  
Meng Chu
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Crude Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Disease Study

Purpose. Skin malignant melanoma (SMM) is one of the fastest-growing cancers in China, with a poor prognosis, high invasiveness, and high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term trends in the incidence and mortality of SMM in China between 1990 and 2019. Patients and Methods. Incidence and mortality data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and were analyzed using an age-period-cohort framework. Results. The annual incidence net drifts were 3.523% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.318% to 3.728%) and 3.779% (95% CI: 3.585% to 3.974%) for males and females, respectively, while the corresponding annual net drifts of mortality were −0.754% (95% CI: −1.073% to −0.435%) and –0.826% (95% CI: −1.164% to −0.487%). The local drift from 1990 to 2019 was highest in males aged from 25 to 29 years. After controlling for period deviations in a single birth cohort, the SMM incidence and mortality increased exponentially with age for both sexes. Similar increasing monotonic trends were found for period and cohort effects on the incidence, while a declining trend was found for mortality. Conclusion. While the age-standardized mortality rate of SMM in China has decreased in both sexes over the past 30 years, the crude incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate, and crude mortality rate have all increased. SMM may greatly threaten the health of the elderly in China due to the aging population. Appropriate changes should be made to raise the awareness, reduce the exposure to risk factors, and promote the early detection of SMM.

scholarly journals Temporal trends in incidence and mortality rates of laryngeal cancer at the global, regional and national levels, 1990–2017

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e050387
Author(s):  
Jing-Yuan Wang ◽  
Qiang-Wei Zhang ◽  
Kaixue Wen ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Xiaolin Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Incident Cases

ObjectivesLaryngeal cancer is the most prevalent entity of head and neck cancer. Knowing the trends of incidence and mortality of laryngeal cancer is important for the reduction in related disease burden.DesignPopulation-based observational study.Main outcomes and measuresThe incidence and mortality data of laryngeal cancer were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2017 online database. The estimated average percentage change was used to quantify the trends of laryngeal cancer incidence and mortality at the global, regional and national levels.ResultsGlobally, the numbers of incident cases and deaths due to laryngeal cancer increased 58.7% and 33.9%, respectively, from 1990 to 2017. However, the overall age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardised mortality rate decreased by 0.99% (95% CI 0.83% to 1.14%) and 1.62% (95% CI 1.50% to 1.74%) per year, respectively. These decreases were ubiquitous worldwide. However, unfavourable trends in the ASIR of laryngeal cancer were also observed in a total of 51 developing countries.ConclusionsThe incidence and mortality rates of laryngeal cancer have significantly decreased at the global level and in most countries over the past three decades. The regions that showed an increasing incidence trend deserve more attention.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Chile during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7409
Author(s):  
Macarena Valdés Salgado ◽  
Pamela Smith ◽  
Mariel Opazo ◽  
Nicolás Huneeus
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: Several countries have documented the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants and epidemiological indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 during 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality rates were estimated using the COVID-19 cases and deaths from the Chilean Ministry of Science, and the population size was obtained from the Chilean Institute of Statistics. A chemistry transport model was used to estimate the annual mean surface concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in a period before the current pandemic. Negative binomial regressions were used to associate the epidemiological information with pollutant concentrations while considering demographic and social confounders. Results: For each microgram per cubic meter, the incidence rate increased by 1.3% regarding PM2.5 and 0.9% regarding PM10. There was no statistically significant relationship between the COVID-19 mortality rate and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusions: The adjusted regression models showed that the COVID-19 incidence rate was significantly associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, even after adjusting for other variables.

Temporal trend and survival impact of infection source among patients with sepsis: a nationwide study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Yueh-Sheng Chen ◽  
◽  
Tin-Yun Liao ◽  
Tzu-Chun Hsu ◽  
Wan-Ting Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Sepsis Management ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Different Sources

BACKGROUND: To determine the temporal trends of incidence and outcome based on different sources of sepsis using a nationwide administrative database. METHODS: From 2002 to 2012, the entire Taiwan's health insurance claims data of emergency-treated and hospital-treated sepsis were analysed for incidence and mortality trends. The information about patients with sepsis and sources of sepsis was identified using a set of validated International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. The 30-day all-cause mortality was verified by linked death certificate database. RESULTS: A total of 1 259 578 episodes of sepsis were identified during the 11-year study period. Lower respiratory tract infection is the most common source of sepsis in patients, with the highest mortality rate. The incidence of genitourinary tract infection has the fastest growing rate. The sepsis mortality was declining at different rates for each source of sepsis. Co-infections in patients with sepsis are associated with higher mortality rate. CONCLUSION: The temporal trends of sepsis incidence and mortality varied among different sources of sepsis, with lower respiratory tract being the highest burden among patients with sepsis. Furthermore, sources of sepsis and the presence of co-infection are independent predictors of mortality. Our results support source-specific preventive and treatment strategies for future sepsis management.

scholarly journals The association between first and second wave COVID-19 mortality in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Vinceti ◽  
Tommaso Filippini ◽  
Kenneth J. Rothman ◽  
Silvia Di Federico ◽  
Nicola Orsini
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
Crude Mortality Rate ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract Background The relation between the magnitude of successive waves of the COVID-19 outbreak within the same communities could be useful in predicting the scope of new outbreaks. Methods We investigated the extent to which COVID-19 mortality in Italy during the second wave was related to first wave mortality within the same provinces. We compared data on province-specific COVID-19 2020 mortality in two time periods, corresponding to the first wave (February 24–June 30, 2020) and to the second wave (September 1–December 31, 2020), using cubic spline regression. Results For provinces with the lowest crude mortality rate in the first wave (February–June), i.e. < 22 cases/100,000/month, mortality in the second wave (September–December) was positively associated with mortality during the first wave. In provinces with mortality greater than 22/100,000/month during the first wave, higher mortality in the first wave was associated with a lower second wave mortality. Results were similar when the analysis was censored at October 2020, before the implementation of region-specific measures against the outbreak. Neither vaccination nor variant spread had any role during the study period. Conclusions These findings indicate that provinces with the most severe initial COVID-19 outbreaks, as assessed through mortality data, faced milder second waves.

scholarly journals Compared the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease attributable to Tobacco Exposure in China, Japan, USA and World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Wu ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Shuang Xu ◽  
Yifei Bi ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background Tobacco exposure (TE) is the major contributor for CVD mortality, but few published studies on CVD mortality attributable to TE have analyzed the potential reasons underlying long-term trends in China. Our study sought to find the potential reasons and compared CVD mortality attributable to TE in China, Japan, the United States of America (USA), and the world between 1990 and 2017.Methods The mortality data in China, Japan, the USA, and the world were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017). Joinpoint regression was used to assess the trend magnitude and directions over time for CVD mortality, while the age-period-cohort method was used to analyze the temporal trends of CVD mortality according to age, period, and cohort.Results A significant downward trend was found in the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) of CVD attributable to smoking in four regions. China had the smallest decline and the Chinese ASMR became the highest in 2017. All the annual net drifts in the four regions were negative and the local drifts were below zero. The longitudinal age curves of CVD mortality attributable to smoking increased in four regions, with China having the largest increase. The period or cohort RRs indicated a decline, and China had the smallest decline. The researchers further analyzed the IHD and stroke trends, finding that the morality and period or cohort RR of IHD in China was always at a high level.Conclusions CVD mortality attributable to TE declined in four regions, and was highest in China. The proportion of IHD mortality attributable to TE was similar to stroke which significantly changed the traditional cognition of CVD composition, but the control measure was not sufficient for IHD in China.

The Rising Incidence and Mortality Rate of Malignant Melanoma

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 760-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred W. Kopf ◽  
Darrell S. Rigel ◽  
Robert J. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Rising Incidence

scholarly journals Incidence and Mortality Rates and Clinical Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes among Children and Young Adults in Cochabamba, Bolivia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Duarte Gómez ◽  
Gabriel Andrew Gregory ◽  
Miriam Castrati Nostas ◽  
Angela Christine Middlehurst ◽  
Alicia Josephine Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Crude Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Objectives. To determine incidence, mortality, and clinical status of youth with diabetes at the Centro Vivir con Diabetes, Cochabamba, Bolivia, with support from International Diabetes Federation Life for a Child Program.Methods. Incidence/mortality data analysis of all cases (<25 year (y)) diagnosed January 2005–February 2017 and cross-sectional data (December 2015).Results. Over 12.2 years, 144 cases with type 1 diabetes (T1D) were diagnosed; 43.1% were male. Diagnosis age was 0.3–22.2 y; peak was 11-12 y. 11.1% were <5 y; 29.2%, 5–<10 y; 43.1%, 10–<15 y; 13.2%, 15–<20 y; and 3.5%, 20–<25 y. The youngest is being investigated for monogenic diabetes. Measured incidence in Cercado Province (Cochabamba Department) was 2.2/100,000 children < 15 y/y, with ≈80% ascertainment, giving total incidence of 2.7/100,000 children < 15 y/y. Two had died. Crude mortality rate was 2.3/1000 patient years. Clinical data on 141 cases <35 y: mean/median HbA1c was 8.5/8.2% (69/62 mmol/mol), levels higher in adolescents. Three were on renal replacement therapy; four others had substantial renal impairment. Elevated BMI, triglycerides, and cholesterol were common: 19.1%, 18.3%, and 39.1%, respectively.Conclusions. Bolivia has low T1D incidence. Reasonable glycemic control is being achieved despite limited resources; however, some have serious complications and adverse cardiovascular risk factor profiles. Further attention is needed for complications.

scholarly journals Regional and Age Epidemiological Analysis of Hepatitis A Viral in China, 2004-2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Ruiti Tang ◽  
Weiming Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background: To describe the prevalence features, including age, regions, morbidity and mortality of hepatitis A viral in China from 2004 to 2017 by searching the China Public Health Sciences Data Center with the keyword “Hepatitis A virus (HAV)”.Methods: In this study, HAV morbidity and mortality data were retrieved from China Public Health Science Data Center (CPHSD) using HAV as a keyword. HAV infection data from 2004 to 2017, HAV cases and HAV-related deaths were retrieved from 31 regions in China, except Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. SPSS 18 is used for statistical analysis. GraphPad Prism 5 is used to draw line graphs and histograms. Microsoft PowerPoint 2016 and Adobe Illustrator CS 6 are used for drawing geographically distributed China maps.Results: From 2004 to 2017, the rates of hepatitis A viral morbidity and mortality in China were keeping decrease annually (7.1997 and 3.0772 in 2004; 2.6430 and 0.2997 in 2010; 1.3679 and 0.2899 in 2017, respectively, 1/100,000) (p<0.001). The HAV infection rate of children (0-10 years old) was higher than that of the elderly (>50 years old) (p<0.001). The geographical distribution of HAV prevalence showed significant regional differences which showed that hepatitis A patients were more prevalent in Sichuan and Xinjiang provinces (averaged number >4,000/ year). HAV-related death does not differ much between regions (averaged number 0~2.1/ year)Conclusions: Our analysis of viral hepatitis A prevalence features over past 14 years suggests that the incidence and mortality of HAV are decreased annually in China.

scholarly journals Mortality among free-ranging California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) during 2010–2014 with determination of last meal and toxicant exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabitha Viner ◽  
Rebecca Kagan ◽  
Bruce Rideout ◽  
Ilse Stalis ◽  
Rebecca Papendick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Toxicant Exposure ◽  
Crude Mortality Rate ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Gymnogyps Californianus ◽  
The Impact

Over the past 30 years, the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) population has rebounded from 22 individuals to over 200 birds living in the wild. Historical impacts to the population have been largely anthropogenic. In this study, we explore mortality and cause of death data from condors that died during the years 2010-2014 and compare these to mortality data described by Rideout et al. in 2012, covering the years 1992-2009. In addition, morphologic and genetic analysis of the contents of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract was performed on the 2010-2014 condor mortalities to determine animal origins of the last meal eaten. The maximum population at risk within this time frame was 329 birds. During this time, 88 condors died and underwent post-mortem examination, and 41 birds were lost to tracking efforts and presumed dead (crude mortality rate of 39%; 129/329). A cause of death was determined for 66 of the 88 necropsied birds. Lead toxicosis remained a significant negative factor in condor population recovery, being related to the deaths of 37 adult and juvenile condors (proportional mortality rate 56%). Compared to condors succumbing to other causes of death, cattle were less often part of the last meal of lead-intoxicated condors. Based on these data, continued efforts to mitigate the impact of lead on California condors should be pursued.

Cervical cancer screening: Twelve years experience of the Kazakhstan National Screening program.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17520-e17520
Author(s):  
Raikhan Bolatbekova ◽  
Dilyara Kaidarova ◽  
Alma Zhylkaidarova ◽  
Tolkyn Sadykova ◽  
Yerlan Kukubassov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Screening Coverage

e17520 Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common gynecological cancer in Kazakhstan (KZ). Standardized incidence rate of CC was 16.7 per 100, 000, while the mortality rate was 5, 9 per 100, 000, in 2020. The National Cervical Screening program in KZ uses cytology (Pap test) from 2008, which is free of charge for women aged 30 to 70 years of age with an interval of 4 years. In 2017 Experts from ImPact Mission and analyzed existing CC screening revealed a number of recommendations aimed at reducing the screening interval and increasing the coverage. The purpose of this study was to analyze results of CC screening in KZ and his impact on CC incidence and mortality. Methods: Coverage, the number of screened women, the level of pre-cancer detection and cervical cancer during screening have been obtained from specific reports (form № 025, № 08) for 2008-2020. Results: The total number of screened women for 2008 were 554 283 women. There is a decrease in screening coverage to 45.9% in 2017 due to a decrease in funding. in this regard, in 2017, a number of changes were made to the existing screening program. In 2020 after the CC screening improvement 786 690 women were examined during the screening program, coverage rate was 66, 2%, . Analysis of screening results showed a marked increase in the detection of precancerous lesion from 0, 136 in 2008 to 0, 87 with an increasing by 37%. The analysis of CC incidence revealed significant changes: after the introduction of screening, an increase in the incidence rate is noted from 15.5 in 2008 to 20.1 per 100, 000 female population in 2015. Since 2015, there has been a significant decrease to 16.7 per 100, 000 women. Conclusions: Despite the positive results of screening, an increse the screening coverage, improvement in the detection of the initial stage of CC, mortality rate from CC and a one-year mortality remain high, which makes it necessary to improve the screening of CC in KZ through the introduction of HPV-screening

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