scholarly journals Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alejandra Mora-Gutiérrez ◽  
Jorge Guevara ◽  
Carmen Rubio ◽  
Minerva Calvillo-Velasco ◽  
Daniela Silva-Adaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Discharge Patterns

Neonicotinoids are pesticides that act as agonists of nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine in insects’ central nervous system (CNS). Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids in humans is related to autism, memory loss, and finger tremor. In this article, we evaluate the effect of subchronic oral administration of two neonicotinoids in the same mixture: clothianidin and thiacloprid. Decreasing doses of both pesticides were administered to rats starting from the lethal dose 50 (LD50) reported by the manufacturer. Our results indicate that the administration of three doses of decreasing amounts of LD50 (5/10, 4/10, and 3/10 LD50) resulted in 100% death in all cases. Ten administration times of 2/10 LD50 of the mixture caused only 20% of death cases after twenty-seven days, which was determined as a subchronic administration scheme. The animals administered 2/10 LD50 showed behavioral alterations after the first and second administration. Electrographic studies showed abnormal discharge patterns in the CNS. 72 h after the tenth dose, learning and memory tests were performed in the Morris water maze. Our results revealed significant decreases in permanence at the quadrant and the number of crosses ( P = 0.0447 ,   P = 0.0193 , respectively), which represent alterations in the short-term memory test, but there were no significant changes in a long-term memory test. Likewise, the brains of these animals showed tissue architecture loss, nucleosomal retraction, and a significant increase in the pycnosis of the granular neurons of the dentate gyrus analyzed at 72 h after the last dose ( P = 0.0125 ). Toxic effects and cognitive deterioration that have been found in communities living near contaminated areas are probably related to the agricultural use of neonicotinoids.

Maternal Food Memories in Lin Cheng-sheng's 27°C: Loaf Rock and Eric Khoo's Recipe: A Film on Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle E. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Culinary Arts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Individual Memory

Elderly mothers pick pineapple in Taiwanese fields and cook curry rice in a Singaporean hawker stand in Lin Cheng-sheng's biopic, 27°C: Loaf Rock, and Eric Khoo's telefilm, Recipe: A Film on Dementia, respectively. Both 2013 Chinese language films employ flashbacks to portray maternal food memories. Lin and Khoo depict food as comforting and possessing a unique ability to stimulate long-term memory to counter the short-term memory loss symptomatic of this form of dementia. The gustatory and the olfactory act directly upon the limbic brain, which houses emotions. In depicting Alzheimer's sufferers and their responses to food, 27°C and Recipe fight for causes. Lin calls attention to the marginalized in his portrayal of the mother succumbing to the disease from the perspective of her son—a character based on contemporary Taiwanese baker Wu Pao-chun, who overcame the adversity of impoverishment to win the world famous Master's de la Boulangerie and found prestigious eponymous bakeries. Parallel to its role in individual memory, food preserves cultural memory. Analogous to culinary arts, cinema, which is made for consumption, combines art and science, embodies culture, and incorporates tradition and innovation, as I show in this comparative study.

scholarly journals High Hearing Memory Of Schoolchildren And Students And Factors Affecting It

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
M. M. Mamajanov ◽  
◽  
B. B. Turayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
8Th Grade

Non-regular mental and physical activity of schoolchildren and students, excessive use of mobile phones, harmful habits (smoking and snuff), iodine deficiency, poor diet, lack of sleep are the main reasons for memory loss decrease is observed. In our experiments, long-term memory volume was up to 37% and short-term memory volume was up to 51% in 6th grade students (13-year-olds); In 8th grade students (15-year-olds), long-term memory was up to 83% and short-term memory was up to 61%; In 10th grade students (17-year-olds), long-term memory volume was up to 83% and short-term memory volume was up to 57%; In first-year students (19-year-olds), we found that long-term memory decreased by 68% and short-term memory by 49%. Decreased memory, in turn, has a negative impact on the mastery performance of pupils and students.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Symptomvalidierungstests in der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik: eine Analogstudie

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Merten ◽  
Matthias Henry ◽  
Robin Hilsabeck
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
Word Completion

Zusammenfassung: In der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik, mehr noch aber in der Begutachtung gewinnen Symptomvalidierungstests (SVT) zur Untersuchung der Leistungsmotivation zunehmend an Bedeutung. In einer Analogstudie wurde die Güte zweier international bekannter Verfahren (Word Memory Test; Amsterdam Short Term Memory Test) sowie einer Neuentwicklung (Word Completion Memory Test) untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden Leistungstests eingesetzt: der Trail Making Test (TMT), der Complex Figure Test sowie die Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM). Eine Gruppe von 10 experimentellen Simulanten wurde spezifisch auf die Vortäuschung von Gedächtnisstörungen vorbereitet, während eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 10) optimale Testanstrengung zeigen sollte. Alle SVT führten im Gegensatz zu den Simulationsmarkern des TMT und der SPM zu einer ausgezeichneten Klassifikationsgüte (95-100 %). Die neuropsychologischen Leistungsmaße wiesen zwar signifikante Gruppenunterschiede aus, zeigten aber auch eine nicht unbedeutende Überlappung der Verteilungen. Mehr Studien sind notwendig, um den SVT in den deutschsprachigen Ländern den Platz zu sichern, den sie international aktuell in der klinisch-neuropsychologischen Forschung und Praxis einnehmen.

scholarly journals An Approach toward the Development of a Functional Encoding Model of Short Term Memory during Reading

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Herndon
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Information Unit ◽  
Subsequent Storage

In a model of the functioning of short term memory, the encoding of information for subsequent storage in long term memory is simulated. In the encoding process, semantically equivalent paragraphs are detected for recombination into a macro information unit. This recombination process can be used to relieve the limited storage capacity constraint of short term memory and subsequently increase processing efficiency. The results of the simulation give a favorable indication of the success for the use of cluster analysis as a tool to simulate the encoding function in the detection of semantically similar paragraphs.

scholarly journals Remember like humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 172988141769231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning An ◽  
Shi-Ying Sun ◽  
Xiao-Guang Zhao ◽  
Zeng-Guang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sensory Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Observation Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Register

Visual tracking is a challenging computer vision task due to the significant observation changes of the target. By contrast, the tracking task is relatively easy for humans. In this article, we propose a tracker inspired by the cognitive psychological memory mechanism, which decomposes the tracking task into sensory memory register, short-term memory tracker, and long-term memory tracker like humans. The sensory memory register captures information with three-dimensional perception; the short-term memory tracker builds the highly plastic observation model via memory rehearsal; the long-term memory tracker builds the highly stable observation model via memory encoding and retrieval. With the cooperative models, the tracker can easily handle various tracking scenarios. In addition, an appearance-shape learning method is proposed to update the two-dimensional appearance model and three-dimensional shape model appropriately. Extensive experimental results on a large-scale benchmark data set demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art two-dimensional and three-dimensional trackers in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and robustness.

Short-Term Memory Loss Associated with Rosuvastatin

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1190-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Galatti ◽  
Giovanni Polimeni ◽  
Francesco Salvo ◽  
Marcello Romani ◽  
Aurelio Sessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Demographic and Intellectual Correlates of the Short-Term Memory Test

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Gail L. Bjerklie ◽  
Arthur MacNeill Horton
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Term Memory

This study examined the effect of demographic variables and intellectual factors on the Short-term Memory Test. Subjects were 20 patients neurologically diagnosed as brain-damaged. There was only one significant correlation between Verbal IQ and the Short-term Memory Test. Demographic variables of age, education, and sex did not correlate significantly with scores of the Short-term Memory Test.

scholarly journals The Relative Kicking Frequency of Infants Born Full-term and Preterm During Learning and Short-term and Long-term Memory Periods of the Mobile Paradigm

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill C Heathcock ◽  
Anjana N Bhat ◽  
Michele A Lobo ◽  
James (Cole) Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Specific Manner

Abstract Background and Purpose. Infants born preterm differ in their spontaneous kicking, as well as their learning and memory abilities in the mobile paradigm, compared with infants born full-term. In the mobile paradigm, a supine infant's ankle is tethered to a mobile so that leg kicks cause a proportional amount of mobile movement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative kicking frequency of the tethered (right) and nontethered (left) legs in these 2 groups of infants. Subjects. Ten infants born full-term and 10 infants born preterm (<33 weeks gestational age, <2,500 g) and 10 comparison infants participated in the study. Methods. The relative kicking frequencies of the tethered and nontethered legs were analyzed during learning and short-term and long-term memory periods of the mobile paradigm. Results. Infants born full-term showed an increase in the relative kicking frequency of the tethered leg during the learning period and the short-term memory period but not for the long-term memory period. Infants born preterm did not show a change in kicking pattern for learning or memory periods, and consistently kicked both legs in relatively equal amounts. Discussion and Conclusion. Infants born full-term adapted their baseline kicking frequencies in a task-specific manner to move the mobile and then retained this adaptation for the short-term memory period. In contrast, infants born preterm showed no adaptation, suggesting a lack of purposeful leg control. This lack of control may reflect a general decrease in the ability of infants born preterm to use their limb movements to interact with their environment. As such, the mobile paradigm may be clinically useful in the early assessment and intervention of infants born preterm and at risk for future impairment.

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