scholarly journals Heliotropium indicum L.: From Farm to a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chandan Sarkar ◽  
Milon Mondal ◽  
Bilkis Khanom ◽  
Md. Monir Hossain ◽  
Md. Solayman Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Therapeutic Activity ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Heliotropium Indicum

This study aimed to summarize the available data on the ethnomedicinal and phytopharmacological activities of Heliotropium indicum L. based on database reports. For this purpose, an up-to-date literature search was carried out in the Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, PubMed, Chem Spider, Elsevier, BioMed Central, and patent offices (e.g., USPTO, CIPO, NPI, Google patents, and Espacenet) for the published materials. The findings suggest that the plant contains many important phytochemicals, including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, indicine, echinitine, supinine, heleurine, heliotrine, lasiocarpine, acetyl indicine, indicinine, indicine N-oxide, cynoglossine, europine N-oxide, heleurine N-oxide, heliotridine N-oxide, heliotrine N-oxide, heliotrine, volatile oils, triterpenes, amines, and sterols. Scientific reports revealed that the herb showed antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antituberculosis, antiplasmodial, anticataract, antifertility, wound healing, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, antihyperglycemic, anthelmintic, diuretic, antitussive, antiglaucoma, antiallergic, and larvicidal activity. In conclusion, in vitro studies with animal models seem to show the potential beneficial effects of H. indicum against a wide variety of disorders and as a source of phytotherapeutic compounds. However, clinical studies are necessary to confirm the effects observed in animal models, determine the toxicity of the therapeutic dose and isolate the truly bioactive components.

Hydroxyapatite, a potent agent to reduce dentin hypersensitivity; systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2604-2610
Author(s):  
Hashmat Gul ◽  
Muhammad Asad Ghaffar ◽  
Muhammad Kaleem ◽  
Abdul Samad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Dentinal Tubule ◽  
Dentin Permeability ◽  
Tubule Occlusion

Objective: This study reviews different modes of application of hydroxyapatite for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity via dentinal tubule occlusion. Methods: Literature search was performed using keywords, “hydroxyapatite and dentin hypersensitivity, hydroxyapatite and dentinal tubule occlusion, hydroxyapatite and dentin permeability, dentinal tubule occlusion” on Pubmed, Science Direct and Web of Science, which involved the results of previous 10 years (2009-2018). After screening, 16 studies were included in systematic review. Results: The results of in-vitro studies showed that application of hydroxyapatite caused dentinal tubule occlusion leading to reduction in dentin permeability and reduction in dentin hypersensitivity. Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite has the potential to reduce dentin hypersensitivity via dentinal tubule occlusion within 2-8 weeks. Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity, Hydroxyapatite, Dentinal tubule occlusion. Continuous...

scholarly journals Bioactives from Mushroom: Health Attributes and Food Industry Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7640
Author(s):  
Aarti Bains ◽  
Prince Chawla ◽  
Sawinder Kaur ◽  
Agnieszka Najda ◽  
Melinda Fogarasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Polysaccharide K ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

It is well-known that the utilization of mushrooms as therapeutic agents is not new. Over the past years, they have been used by local individuals as food, as well as medicines, throughout the world. Nowadays, mushrooms are excessively used in the medicine, pharmacy, food, and fermentation fields as well. Wild mushrooms are of particular interest, especially Trametes versicolor (commonly known as turkey mushrooms) due to their various uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries. They represent not only a huge storehouse of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, but they are also an important source of bioactive polysaccharides. They are widely used in traditional oriental therapies. The fruiting bodies are used in the preparation of health tonics and tea. The present review is necessary to explore more about this mushroom-like classical taxonomy, morphology, nutritional value, bioactivity, various health attributes, mechanism of bioactive components against various diseases, and food applications. The influence of processing processes on the nutritional properties and bioactivity of the fungus is discussed. Potential bioactive components promising health attributes of Trametes versicolor are extensively described. Additionally, several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of polysaccharopeptides (PSP) and Polysaccharide-K (PSK) on the aspects related to immune function and inflammation, also presenting an anticancerous effect. Moreover, PSP and PSK were successfully described to decrease several life-threatening diseases. The potential food applications of Trametes versicolor were detailed to signify the effective utilization of the mushroom in functional food formulation.

scholarly journals The therapeutic effects of Agrimonia eupatoria L.

2020 ◽  
pp. S555-S571
Author(s):  
Z Paluch ◽  
L Biriczová ◽  
G Pallag ◽  
E Carvalheiro Marques ◽  
N Vargová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rosaceae Family

Agrimonia eupatoria L. is an herb of the Rosaceae family, widely used in traditional (folk) medicine for its beneficial effects. Its water extracts (infusions and decoctions) are used in the treatment of airway and urinary system diseases, digestive tract diseases, and chronic wounds. Phytochemical analyses of Agrimonia eupatoria L. identified a variety of bioactive compounds including tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids and volatile oils possessing antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. The authors review the available literature sources examining and discussing the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of Agrimonia eupatoria L. at the molecular level in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Effects of micronutrients on placental function: evidence from clinical studies to animal models

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. R69-R82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette C Baker ◽  
Dexter JL Hayes ◽  
Rebecca L Jones
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Placental Dysfunction

Micronutrient deficiencies are common in pregnant women due to low dietary intake and increased requirements for fetal development. Low maternal micronutrient status is associated with a range of pregnancy pathologies involving placental dysfunction, including fetal growth restriction (FGR), small-for-gestational age (SGA), pre-eclampsia and preterm birth. However, clinical trials commonly fail to convincingly demonstrate beneficial effects of supplementation of individual micronutrients, attributed to heterogeneity and insufficient power, potential interactions and lack of mechanistic knowledge of effects on the placenta. We aimed to provide current evidence of relationships between selected micronutrients (vitamin D, vitamin A, iron, folate, vitamin B12) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, combined with understanding of actions on the placenta. Following a systematic literature search, we reviewed data from clinical,in vitroandin vivostudies of micronutrient deficiency and supplementation. Key findings are potential effects of micronutrient deficiencies on placental development and function, leading to impaired fetal growth. Studies in human trophoblast cells and rodent models provide insights into underpinning mechanisms. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence that deficiencies in all micronutrients examined induce a pro-inflammatory state in the placenta, drawing parallels with the inflammation detected in FGR, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth and preterm birth. Beneficial effects of supplementation are apparentin vitroand in animal models and for combined micronutrients in clinical studies. However, greater understanding of the roles of these micronutrients, and insight into their involvement in placental dysfunction, combined with more robust clinical studies, is needed to fully ascertain the potential benefits of supplementation in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Citrus Flavonoids as Promising Phytochemicals Targeting Diabetes and Related Complications: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi ◽  
Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos ◽  
Ding-Tao Wu ◽  
Hua-Bin Li ◽  
Poovathumkal James Antony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Citrus Flavonoids ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

The consumption of plant-based food is important for health promotion, especially concerning the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Flavonoids are the main bioactive compounds in citrus fruits, with multiple beneficial effects, especially antidiabetic effects. We systematically review the potential antidiabetic action and molecular mechanisms of citrus flavonoids based on in vitro and in vivo studies. A search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases for articles published since 2010 was carried out using the keywords citrus, flavonoid, and diabetes. All articles identified were analyzed, and data were extracted using a standardized form. The search identified 38 articles, which reported that 19 citrus flavonoids, including 8-prenylnaringenin, cosmosiin, didymin, diosmin, hesperetin, hesperidin, isosiennsetin, naringenin, naringin, neohesperidin, nobiletin, poncirin, quercetin, rhoifolin, rutin, sineesytin, sudachitin, tangeretin, and xanthohumol, have antidiabetic potential. These flavonoids regulated biomarkers of glycemic control, lipid profiles, renal function, hepatic enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes, and modulated signaling pathways related to glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its related complications. Citrus flavonoids, therefore, are promising antidiabetic candidates, while their antidiabetic effects remain to be verified in forthcoming human studies.

scholarly journals Experimental Animal Models in Periodontology: A Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Struillou ◽  
Hervé Boutigny ◽  
Assem Soueidan ◽  
Pierre Layrolle
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Periodontal Research

In periodontal research, animal studies are complementary to in vitro experiments prior to testing new treatments. Animal models should make possible the validation of hypotheses and prove the safety and efficacy of new regenerating approaches using biomaterials, growth factors or stem cells. A review of the literature was carried out by using electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Science). Numerous animal models in different species such as rats, hamsters, rabbits, ferrets, canines and primates have been used for modeling human periodontal diseases and treatments. However, both the anatomy and physiopathology of animals are different from those of humans, making difficult the evaluation of new therapies. Experimental models have been developed in order to reproduce major periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis), their pathogenesis and to investigate new surgical techniques. The aim of this review is to define the most pertinent animal models for periodontal research depending on the hypothesis and expected results.

scholarly journals Anticancer Plants: A Review of the Active Phytochemicals, Applications in Animal Models, and Regulatory Aspects

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Ajmal Khan ◽  
Parveen Nisar ◽  
Sohail Ahmad Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Anticancer Compounds ◽  
Regulatory Aspects ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Cell Inhibition

The rising burden of cancer worldwide calls for an alternative treatment solution. Herbal medicine provides a very feasible alternative to western medicine against cancer. This article reviews the selected plant species with active phytochemicals, the animal models used for these studies, and their regulatory aspects. This study is based on a meticulous literature review conducted through the search of relevant keywords in databases, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Twenty plants were selected based on defined selection criteria for their potent anticancer compounds. The detailed analysis of the research studies revealed that plants play an indispensable role in fighting different cancers such as breast, stomach, oral, colon, lung, hepatic, cervical, and blood cancer cell lines. The in vitro studies showed cancer cell inhibition through DNA damage and activation of apoptosis-inducing enzymes by the secondary metabolites in the plant extracts. Studies that reported in vivo activities of these plants showed remarkable results in the inhibition of cancer in animal models. Further studies should be performed on exploring more plants, their active compounds, and the mechanism of anticancer actions for use as standard herbal medicine.

scholarly journals The Skeletal Effects of Tanshinones: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2319
Author(s):  
Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku ◽  
Kok-Lun Pang ◽  
Kok-Yong Chin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Skeletal Effects

Background: Osteoporosis results from excessive bone resorption and reduced bone formation, triggered by sex hormone deficiency, oxidative stress and inflammation. Tanshinones are a class of lipophilic phenanthrene compounds found in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which contribute to its anti-osteoporosis effects. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the skeletal beneficial effects of tanshinones. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in January 2021 using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science from the inception of these databases. Original studies reporting the effects of tanshinones on bone through cell cultures, animal models and human clinical trials were considered. Results: The literature search found 158 unique articles on this topic, but only 20 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence showed that tanshinones promoted osteoblastogenesis and bone formation while reducing osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Conclusions: Tanshinones modulates bone remodelling by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast apoptosis and stimulating osteoblastogenesis. Therefore, it might complement existing strategies to prevent bone loss.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Potential Effects of Nigella sativa on Rheumatoid Arthritis

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (07) ◽  
pp. 457-469
Author(s):  
Alireza Khabbazi ◽  
Zeinab Javadivala ◽  
Neda Seyedsadjadi ◽  
Aida Malek Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Isi Web Of Science ◽  
Oxidative Biomarkers

AbstractConsidering the different untoward effects of the drugs prescribed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there has been an increasing interest in adjuvant therapies devoid of such unfavorable reactions. Although the beneficial effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) on RA have been established, it seems that its mechanisms of action have not still been reviewed. The present review is designed to evaluate the effects of N. sativa on RA systematically. We searched these electronic databases until April 2019: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid, ProQuest, and Google scholar. No restriction was conducted based on language or publication date. We selected all of the related clinical, animal, and in vitro studies. Review papers, abstracts in conferences, book chapters, and papers regarding the effects of N. sativa combined with other herbs, as well as articles regarding the effects of N. sativa on other diseases, were excluded. Each article was assessed critically for the possible risk of bias. Nineteen articles were reviewed. Animal and in vitro investigations supported the favorable effects of N. sativa on clinical, inflammatory, oxidative, and immunologic parameters on RA, whereas results of limited clinical studies did not illustrate any change or improvement of inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in RA. N. sativa could control RA via multiple ways such as decreasing inflammation, inhibiting oxidative stress, and modulating the immune system. This paper provides persuasive clues to defend the efficacy of N. sativa in RA and justifies the significance of subsequent clinical trials.

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