scholarly journals Palmitic Acid Methyl Ester Enhances Adipogenic Differentiation in Rat Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through a G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jian-Hong Lin ◽  
Huan-Hsin Chang ◽  
Wen-Sen Lee ◽  
Pei-Ching Ting ◽  
Yu-Po Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Erk Phosphorylation ◽  
Palmitic Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue

Adipogenic differentiation from stem cells has become a research target due to the increasing interest in obesity. It has been indicated that adipocytes can secrete palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME), which is able to regulate stem cell proliferation. However, the effects of PAME on adipogenic differentiation in stem cell remain unclear. Here, we present that the adipogenic differentiation medium supplemented with PAME induced the differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAD-MSCs) into adipocyte. rAD-MSCs were treated with PAME for 12 days and then subjected to various analyses. The results from the present study show that PAME significantly increased the levels of adipogenic differentiation markers, PPARγ and Gpd1, and enhanced adipogenic differentiation in rAD-MSCs. Furthermore, the level of GPR40/120 protein increased during induction of adipocyte differentiation in rAD-MSCs. Cotreatment with PAME and a GPR40/120 antagonist together inhibited the PAME-enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, PAME significantly increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), but not AKT and mTOR. Cotreatment with PAME and a GPR40/120 antagonist together inhibited the PAME-enhanced ERK phosphorylation and adipogenic differentiation. PAME also increased the intracellular Ca2+ levels. Cotreatment with PAME and a Ca2+ chelator or a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor prevented the PAME-enhanced ERK phosphorylation and adipogenic differentiation. Our data suggest that PAME activated the GPR40/120/PLC-mediated pathway, which in turn increased the intracellular Ca2+ levels, thereby activating the ERK, and eventually enhanced adipogenic differentiation in rAD-MSCs. The findings from the present study might help get insight into the physiological roles and molecular mechanism of PAME in regulating stem cell differentiation.

390 ISOLATION AND ADIPOGENESIS OF GRIZZLY BEAR MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
A. J. Maki ◽  
I. Omelogu ◽  
E. Monaco ◽  
M. E. McGee-Lawrence ◽  
R. M. Bradford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Vitro Model

During winter hibernation, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) do not eat but instead rely on internal fat stores as a primary source of metabolic energy. The resulting seasonal fluctuations in appetite and body mass make the grizzly bear a naturally occurring animal model for human conditions such as obesity and anorexia. An in vitro model of hibernating bear stem cells might enhance our understanding of processes such as stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells, derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue among others, differentiate into adipocytes and might play important roles in energy metabolism. In the current study, we examined the in vitro viability and morphology of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from grizzly bear adipose tissue (ADSC) and bone marrow (BMSC); these ADSC and BMSCs underwent adipogenic differentiation for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Bone marrow stem cells and ADSC were isolated using mechanical disaggregation, collagenase digestion, centrifugation, and plating onto tissue culture polystyrene. Cell viability and proliferation was quantified using the colony forming unit assay and a hemocytometer. Both stem cell types were differentiated into adipocytes using 10 μM insulin, 1 μM dexamethasone, and 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (all Sigma- Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) with the addition of 10% fetal bovine (FBS) or bear serum from the active feeding period. Adipogenic differentiation was confirmed using Oil Red O and quantified using ImageJ. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t-test between treatments of the same time point. All cells were isolated within 28 h of tissue harvest. Adipose-derived stem cells formed an average of 11 colonies (0.011%), whereas BMSC formed 1.5 colonies (0.0015%) per 100 000 cells. Doubling time forADSC was approximately 54 h in 10% FBS. BothADSC and BMSC had an initial spindle-shaped morphology, which gradually became more rounded during adipogenic differentiation. For bear serum at Day 28, ADSC had a significantly (P < 0.01) greater stained area per cell than did BMSC. In summary, both types of mesenchymal stem cells successfully differentiated into adipocytes and maintained viability. In conclusion, grizzly bear mesenchymal stem cells canbesuccessfully isolated, expanded, and differentiated in culture. These results allow for future studies using the bear as an in vitro model for fat metabolism during hibernation and active periods. This work was partially supported by the Carle Foundation Hospital, the Intel Scholar’s Research Program, USDA Multi-State Research Project W1171, and the Illinois Regenerative Medicine Institute (IDPH # 63080017). In addition, the authors would like to thank Agatha Luszpak for support with the analysis.

Enhancing therapeutic effects and in vivo tracking of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells for liver injury using bioorthogonal click chemistry

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naishun Liao ◽  
Da Zhang ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Huang-Hao Yang ◽  
Xiaolong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC)-based therapy is attractive for liver diseases, but the long-term therapeutic outcome is still far from satisfaction due to low hepatic engraftment efficiency of...

scholarly journals Comparative characterization and osteogenic / adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from male rat hair follicles and bone marrow

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Kader A. Zaki ◽  
Tariq I. Almundarij ◽  
Faten A. M. Abo-Aziza
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Cell Source

AbstractClinical applications of cell therapy and tissue regeneration under different conditions need a multiplicity of adult stem cell sources. Up to date, little is available on the comparative isolation, characterization, proliferation, rapid amplification, and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from living bulge cells of the hair follicle (HF) and bone marrow (BM) from the same animal. This work hopes to use HF-MSCs as an additional adult stem cell source for research and application. After reaching 80% confluence, the cell counting, viability %, and yields of HF-MSCs and BM-MSCs were nearly similar. The viability % was 91.41 ± 2.98 and 93.11 ± 3.06 while the cells yield of initial seeding was 33.15 ± 2.76 and 34.22 ± 3.99 and of second passage was 28.76 ± 1.01 and 29.56 ± 3.11 for HF-MSCs and BM-MSCs respectively. Clusters of differentiation (CDs) analysis revealed that HF-MSCs were positively expressed CD34, CD73 and CD200 and negatively expressed CD45. BM-MSCs were positively expressed CD73 and CD200 and negatively expressed of CD34 and CD45. The proliferation of HF-MSCs and BM-MSCs was determined by means of incorporation of Brd-U, population doubling time (PDT) assays and the quantity of formazan release. The percentage of Brd-U positive cells and PDT were relatively similar in both types of cells. The proliferation, as expressed by the quantity of formazan assay in confluent cells, revealed that the quantity of release by BM-MSCs was slightly higher than HF-MSCs. Adipogenic differentiated BM-MSCs showed moderate accumulation of oil red-O stained lipid droplets when compared to that of HF-MSCs which exhibited high stain. The total lipid concentration was significantly higher in adipogenic differentiated HF-MSCs than BM-MSCs (P < 0.05). It was found that activity of bone alkaline phosphatase and calcium concentration were significantly higher (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively) in osteogenic differentiated BM-MSCs than that of HF-MSCs. The present findings demonstrate that the HF-MSCs are very similar in most tested characteristics to BM-MSCs with the exception of differentiation. Additionally; no issues have been reported during the collection of HF-MSCs. Therefore, the HF may represent a suitable and accessible source for adult stem cells and can be considered an ideal cell source for adipogenesis research.

scholarly journals Dependence of Spreading and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Micropatterned Surface Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Naoki Kawazoe ◽  
Guoping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Cell Functions

Micropatterning technology is a highly advantageous approach for directly assessing and comparing the effects of different factors on stem cell functions. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)- (PVA-) micropatterned polystyrene surfaces were prepared using photoreactive PVA and ultraviolet photolithography with a photomask. The micropatterned surface was suitable for single-cell array formation and long-term cell culture due to the nanometer thickness of nonadhesive PVA layer. Different degrees of cell spreading with the same cell shape were established by adjusting the sizes of circular, cell-adhesive polystyrene micropatterns. Cell spreading and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the micropatterns were investigated at the single-cell level. The assembly and organization of the cytoskeleton were regulated by the degree of cell spreading. Individual MSCs on large circular micropatterns exhibited a more highly ordered arrangement of actin filaments than did those on the small circular micropatterns. Furthermore, the differentiation of MSCs was dependent on the degree of cell spreading. Increased cell spreading facilitated the osteogenic differentiation but suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. This micropatterning method is valuable for stem cell research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Cholesterol-Dependent Modulation of Stem Cell Biomechanics: Application to Adipogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Sun ◽  
Djanybek Adyshev ◽  
Steven Dudek ◽  
Amit Paul ◽  
Andrew McColloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Cell Mechanics ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Stiffness ◽  
Cholesterol Depletion

Cell mechanics has been shown to regulate stem cell differentiation. We have previously reported that altered cell stiffness of mesenchymal stem cells can delay or facilitate biochemically directed differentiation. One of the factors that can affect the cell stiffness is cholesterol. However, the effect of cholesterol on differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells remains elusive. In this paper, we demonstrate that cholesterol is involved in the modulation of the cell stiffness and subsequent adipogenic differentiation. Rapid cytoskeletal actin reorganization was evident and correlated with the cell's Young's modulus measured using atomic force microscopy. In addition, the level of membrane-bound cholesterol was found to increase during adipogenic differentiation and inversely varied with the cell stiffness. Furthermore, cholesterol played a key role in the regulation of the cell morphology and biomechanics, suggesting its crucial involvement in mechanotransduction. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effect of cholesterol on the membrane–cytoskeleton linker proteins (ezrin and moesin). Cholesterol depletion was found to upregulate the ezrin expression which promoted cell spreading, increased Young's modulus, and hindered adipogenesis. In contrast, cholesterol enrichment increased the moesin expression, decreased Young's modulus, and induced cell rounding and facilitated adipogenesis. Taken together, cholesterol appears to regulate the stem cell mechanics and adipogenesis through the membrane-associated linker proteins.

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