scholarly journals Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead Uptake Associated Health Risk Assessment of Alternanthera sessilis: A Commonly Consumed Green Leafy Vegetable

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne ◽  
E. A. Charuni Sewwandi Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Alternanthera Sessilis ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables

Green leafy vegetables are becoming increasingly popular in the developing countries due to their high nutritious value, common availability, and low cost. However, no studies have assessed the health risks associated with consumption of fresh green leafy vegetables. The present study assessed Cd, Cr, and Pb associated health risks in a commonly consumed green leafy vegetable in developing countries, Alternanthera sessilis. The Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations in roots, leaves, and root zone soil of Alternanthera sessilis harvested from organic and non-organic cultivations were measured. The results indicated that Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations in roots and leaves of Alternanthera sessilis exceeded the WHO/FAO safe limits for human consumption. Further, bioconcentration factor, soil to root, and root to leaf translocation factors indicated a potential of hyperaccumulating Cd in roots and leaves of Alternanthera sessilis. However, the target hazard quotients for Cd, Cr, and Pb were less than 1 indicating negligible health hazard associated with long time consumption of Alternanthera sessilis.

A PDA-Based Solution for the Realization of Green Leafy Vegetable Water-Fertilizer System

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Shun Kui Ke ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Yu Bin Miao ◽  
Dan Feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Personal Digital Assistant ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
Fertilizer System

Water-fertilizer management is one of the most important parts in the realization of green leafy vegetables precise cultivation. This paper mainly focus on the problem of manual records are time-consuming and difficult to maintain, introduced to apply Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) into the whole process of green leafy vegetables water-fertilizer management. By the methods of real-time gaining of the site environment data, dynamical identifying the greenhouse ID and long-distance data transmission between PDA and database server water-fertilizer management in the green leafy vegetables production can be realized. The results show that the efficiency of green leafy vegetable water-fertilizer management can be improved by PDA-based solution.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Dietary Habits and Colon Cancer Beliefs Survey (DHCCBS): An Instrument Assessing Health Beliefs Related to Red Meat and Green Leafy Vegetable Consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen S. Smith ◽  
Savannah V. Raney ◽  
Michael W. Greene ◽  
Andrew D. Frugé
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Dietary patterns characterized by higher red meat (RM) consumption are associated with increased colon cancer (CC) risk. Preclinical and epidemiological evidence suggest higher green leafy vegetable (GLV) consumption may mitigate these risks. Determining the relationship between dietary habits and expected health outcomes is needed. Methods. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to assess perceived CC susceptibility and severity, and related dietary benefits, barriers, and motivators. RM and GLV consumption were quantified using select DHQII items (n=15) capturing the previous 30 days’ intake. A 34-item Qualtrics survey was provided to a convenience sample of 1,075 adults residing throughout the US Confirmatory factor analysis measured fitness with HBM, and Cronbach’s alpha assessed subscale reliability. A subsample (n=47) completed a 2-week follow-up for test-retest reliability. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare RM and GLV intake and DHCCBS responses between genders. Individual barrier questions and RM and GLV consumption were compared using ANOVA for each gender; post hoc analyses between barrier question responses were assessed with Bonferroni correction. Results were considered significant with a p value of less than 0.05. Results. 990 US adults (52.7% female, 79.1% white, 50.8% aged 35+ years) completed valid surveys. Factor analysis with varimax rotation validated the construct of HBM subscales; only one question had a loading less than 0.745. Subscale Cronbach’s alphas ranged within 0.478-0.845. Overall test-retest reliability was acceptable (r=0.697, p=5.22x10−8). Participant BMI was (mean±SD) 26.7±6.6 kg/m2. Participants consumed (median, IQR) 2.3, 0.9-4.7 cooked cup equivalents GLV/week and 12.2, 5.8-21.5 ounces RM/week. Over half of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement “I can’t imagine never eating red meat,” while less than one eighth of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with the statement “I don’t like the taste of green leafy vegetables.” Conclusion. The DHCCBS is a valid instrument for measuring health beliefs related to red meat, green leafy vegetables, and perceived colon cancer risk. Additionally, these findings suggest increasing GLV may be more feasible than reducing RM for CC risk reduction in meat eaters.

Absorption of calcium from a leafy vegetable rich in oxalates

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmila Pingle ◽  
B. V. Ramasastri
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Regular Source ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Β Carotene

1. Plant foods, especially green leafy vegetables, are the cheapest and richest source of calcium in developing countries and are recommended in balanced diets. Hence it was worth while obtaining further information about the availability of Ca from these commonly-consumed green leaves.2. The green leafy vegetable belonging to Amaranthus spp. was taken as a suitable experimental model because it is not only commonly-consumed, but is also rich in Ca and oxalates. In the first experiment, each of the eight adult male subjects was given a basal diet containing negligible Ca, a milk diet and an ‘Amaranthus’ diet, both containing the same amount of Ca. These diets were given on 3 consecutive days and the urinary Ca excreted in a 6 h period after the test diet was considered an approximate index of Ca absorbed in that period. The second experiment was designed to study the influence of Amaranthus spp. on the availability of milk Ca. Each of the ten adult male subjects were given a basal diet, a milk diet and a diet containing the same amount of milk with Amaranthus spp. added to it. Urinary Ca excreted in a period of 6 h was estimated.3. While availability of Ca from milk was good, that from Amaranthus leaves was low. The ingestion of Amaranthus leaves together with milk adversely affected the absorption of milk Ca.4. In view of these findings, recommendation of green leaves as a regular source of Ca to the vulnerable section of the Indian Community should be considered with caution. Since green leaves are a main source of other nutrients, especially β-carotene, their consumption cannot be discouraged and hence leaves low in oxalates should be recommended.

scholarly journals ROLE OF AHARA IN GRACEFUL AGING

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Old Age Depression

Aging has become an important issue in developing countries. Ageing is an inevitable process. Although one cannot escape from this reality but one can be able to age gracefully. Ayurveda and its principles can play an important role in to relieve the hardships of old age. As Ahara, Nidra and Bramhacharya are three pillars of Life, Certain Dietary rules and sleeping pattern can increase healthy life span and prevent the development  of diseases. The key to balance Vatadosha in old age is regularity,  rest and warmth One should  pay equal attention to physical as well as mental health. Depression is also a very common problem in old age. Depression can hamper digestive one should adopt capacity of an individual. Sattvik ahara, fresh and hot food, green leafy vegetables & seasonal fruit, proper nidra as part and parcel of old age. Rasayan chikitsa, Sattvavajay chikitsa, yoga, can add years to the life of old persons.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Detection of Virulence Genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolated from Leafy Green Vegetables

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
S. E. Haramain ◽  
S. O. Yagoub
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Gastrointestinal Mucosa ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Different Types

Vegetables can be vehicles for transmission of E. coli O157:H7 to humans, therefore, this study carried out in order to investigate the presence of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli in ten different types of leafy green vegetables, determined their susceptibility to thirteen antibiotics and detected the presence of some virulence genes. Method: Five-hundred samples of green leafy vegetables namely (Lettuce, Spanish, Rocket, Parsley, Mallow, Coriander, Portulaca, Lettuce, Dill, Basil and Chard) were examined for presence of E. coli O157:H7, by using standard microbiological tests (CHROMagarTM O157:H7), further detection of E. coli O157:H7 was done by Multiplex PCR (mPCR) for the detection of virulence genes (stx1, stx2, intmin and hlyA) These genes are causative factors of settlement, adhesion, and attack of STEC bacteria to gastrointestinal mucosa. Results: E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from eight (80%) out of ten types of green leafy vegetable as 12 (2.40%) in which the highest percentage of isolation was shown in Dill and Chards samples as (4.2%), Coriander and Mallow showed percentage of isolation as (3.33% and 3.03%) respectively, Parsley, Portulaca and Lettuce showed percentages of isolation as 2.43%, 1.92%, respectively, the least percentage of isolation was shown in Rocket (1.7%), No E. coli O157:H7, was detected in Spinach and Basil. Makkah collected samples showed isolation of 7 isolates out of 12 (58.33%). All isolates were resistant to Methicillin (5µg), Metronidazole (5 µg) and Ampicillin (10 µg). Stx2 (110 bp), Stx1 (349 bp), hly A (165 bp) genes were detected. All isolates showed negative results for presence of intimin gene (890 bp). This study concluded that there is a high risk for occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks due to consumption of the green leafy vegetables sold in Jeddah Central Market. 

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effects of different extracts of medicinally used green leafy vegetables collected from local market of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-865
Author(s):  
F. Hossaini ◽  
S.K. Munshi ◽  
M. Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Mic Value

The present study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of green leafy vegetable samples which are traditionally used as medicinal herbs. Therefore, three samples each of Neem (Azadirachta indica, leaves), Ivy Gourd (Coccinia grandis, leaves), Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica, leaves) and Skunkvine (Paederia foetida, leaves) were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis, and agar well diffusion and microdilution assays to check antimicrobial activity. The samples contained total viable bacteria and fungi up to 107 and 105 CFU/g, respectively. Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were recovered in all the samples. All the samples showed potential antibacterial activity against most of the tested bacteria, especially their ethanolic and methanolic extracts. Although, crude and hot water extracts almost had no effect on the bacterial growth. The MIC value of the samples was found in a range of 3 mg/mL to 12 mg/mL and the average MIC value was recorded to be 6 mg/mL. Overall, the findings of the present study justified the therapeutic potential of the tested green leafy vegetable samples.

scholarly journals Genotype Effect on Proximate and Mineral Analysis of Safflower as a Green Leafy Vegetable

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Onkgolotse G. Moatshe ◽  
Vallantino E. Emongor ◽  
Patrick K. Mashiqa
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Genotype Effect

Two field trials were carried out at the Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Content Farm (59o24′S, 95o25′E and 993 m above sea level) in Southern Region of Botswana, to evaluate the effects of genotypes on proximate and mineral composition of safflower leaves. Five safflower genotypes (Kiama composite (local), Sina-PI-537598, Gila-PI-537692, PI-537636 and PI-527710) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. During the rosette stage safflower leaves (both petiole and blade) were harvested, dried, and ground for analysis. The results showed that safflower genotypes significantly varied in the leaf proximate content of crude protein (24-28%), crude fibre (8-14%), moisture content (86-87%) and dry matter content (13-14%) in both winter and summer growing seasons. The genotype ‘Sina’ had the highest crude fibre content compared to other genotypes. The average leaf mineral content significantly (p < 0.05) varied from 2-3 mg g-1 phosphorus, 3-4 mg g-1 calcium, 5-6 mg g-1 sodium, 15-17 mg g-1 magnesium and 15-18 mg g-1 potassium. The Na:K and Ca:P ratios ranged between 0.18 and 3.41. All the safflower genotypes evaluated had sufficient nutritional content to be used as a green leafy vegetable for human consumption and food security.

scholarly journals Study on Portulaca Oleracea Native Species as Vegetal Source of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2973-2980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Popescu (Popiniuc) ◽  
Carmen Popescu ◽  
Stefan Manea ◽  
Valentin Vladut ◽  
Ioan Caba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Omega 6

Fatty grass, grasita or purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an important plant identified as a natural weed in field crops and lawns. Purslane is widespread worldwide and is popular as edible plants in many areas of Europe, Asia and the Mediterranean region. This plant possesses mucilaginous substances of great medicinal importance. It is a rich source of potassium, magnesium and calcium and has the potential to be used as a vegetal source of omega-3 and omega-6. It is very good as a source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and contains the highest amount compared to any other green leafy vegetables. It also contains significant amounts of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid, as well as an increased content of oxalate in fresh leaves. The antioxidant value and nutritional content of purslane are important for human consumption. It reveals a huge nutritional potential and indicates the potential for future use of this plant in food industry, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics and products for body care.

scholarly journals BIO–ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN LEAFY VEGETABLES FROM SELECTED AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Ebabhi ◽  
U.C. Kanife ◽  
S.T. Salako
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Concentration Levels

Vegetables grown on environmentally contaminated sites could take up and accumulate metals at concentration that are toxic to human health. This study analysed heavy metals in some leafy vegetables cultivated on some commercial farms within the Lagos metropolis. Three vegetables species namely Telfairia occidentalis (Ugwu), Corchorus olitorius (Ewedu) and Celosia argentea (Shoko) were sampled from various locations within three selected farmlands and tested for levels of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni) and Cupper (Cu) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results showed that levels of metals As, Cd, Fe, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cu ranges from 0.02±0.01 to 23.50±2.01 µg/g, Cd concentration levels ranged between 0.42±0.21 to 1.96±1.10 µg/g, Fe level ranged between 4.11±0.88 to 16.82±12.00 µg/g, Pb concentrations ranged between 2.30±0.01 to 5.60±1.47 µg/g, Zn contents ranged between 3.24±1.34 to 23.50 µg/g and Cu ranged between 1.60±0.46 to 4.93±0.39 µg/g respectively for all vegetable sampled. The analysis revealed that Zinc showed the highest concentration in C. olitorius and Iron in T. occidentalis at 23.50 µg/g and 16.82 µg/g respectively while the Arsenic showed the lowest level of 0.02 µg/g in C. argentea amongst all vegetables studied. The amount of heavy metals found in these vegetables were within safety baseline for human consumption. However, due to associated health risks vegetables contaminated with heavy metals should not be consumed.

scholarly journals Effect of Blanching Media on the Yield Stress of Green Leafy Vegetable Puree

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 855-860
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Casson Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
One Way Anova

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different blanching media on the rheological value (yield stress) of two indigenous leafy vegetables, Ipomea aquatic and Basella alba puree. They were blanched using three different blanching media (NaCl, MgO, and NaCl+MgO) for 3 minutes at a temperature of 900C. The yield stress of vegetable puree (3.50Brix) was investigated by varying shear rate from 0.1 to 100/s at different temperatures (278K and 358K) for both unblanched and blanched samples (with media). Measurements and calculations of the different yield stress of puree were performed by MCR-102 and Casson model respectively. The blanch samples were generally of higher yield stress than the unblanched samples with respect to blanching media and temperature. One-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference in yield stress between the two vegetables across the various blanching media (p<0.05). Basella alba had an overall higher yield stress value than another leafy vegetable with respect to different blanching media and temperatures.

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