scholarly journals Exploring the Mechanism of Resveratrol in Reducing the Soft Tissue Damage of Osteoarthritis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Pharmacology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Long ◽  
Wang Xiang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Tiejun Yang ◽  
Ganpeng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Soft Tissue Damage ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Bax Protein

Aim. To explore the mechanism of resveratrol in reducing the soft tissue damage of osteoarthritis (OA) based on network pharmacology. Methods. Pharmmapper was used to predict the target of resveratrol, OMIM and Genecards were used to collect OA-related disease genes, and David ver 6.8 was used for enrichment analysis. Then, animal experiments were carried out for verification. The rat OA model was established and the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: model group, resveratrol low-dose group, resveratrol high-dose group, and blank control group for follow-up experiments. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect the degree of pathological damage of rat bones and joints. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the content of inflammatory factors. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa B protein (NF-κB), cysteine protease-9 (CASP-9), Bcl-2 protein, and Bax protein. Results. Through network pharmacological analysis, this study found that resveratrol may regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, Osteoclast differentiation, Rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Animal experiments showed that compared with the model group, the pathological damage of bone and joint in the resveratrol low-dose and high-dose groups was significantly improved. Compared with the model group, the serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in the resveratrol low-dose and high-dose groups were significantly reduced ( P  < 0.05); protein levels of TLR-4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 were significantly reduced ( P  < 0.05); caspase-9 and Bax protein levels were significantly reduced ( P  < 0.05), and Bcl-2 was significantly increased ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion. Resveratrol may inhibit the activation of the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway and has a repairing effect on soft tissue damage in OA.

scholarly journals Effects of Shugan-Jianpi Recipe on the Expression of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Hepatocytes of NAFLD Rats

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanjun Deng ◽  
Kairui Tang ◽  
Runsen Chen ◽  
Yajie Liu ◽  
Huan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α

Background: In traditional Chinese medicine, the Shugan-Jianpi recipe is often used in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the Shugan-Jianpi recipe in relation to rats with NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into eight groups: normal group (NG), model group (MG), low-dose Chaihu–Shugan–San group (L-CG), high-dose Chaihu–Shugan–San group (H-CG), low-dose Shenling–Baizhu–San group (L-SG), high-dose Shenling–Baizhu–San group (H-SG), low dose of integrated-recipes group (L-IG), and high dose of integrated-recipes group (H-IG). After 26 weeks, a lipid profile, aspartate, and alanine aminotransferases in serum were detected. The serum levels of inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Hepatic pathological changes were observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and oil red O staining. The expression of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results: A pathological section revealed that NAFLD rats have been successfully reproduced. Compared with the model group, each treatment group had different degrees of improvement. The Shugan-Jianpi recipe can inhibit the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in NAFLD rats. The expression of mRNA and a protein related to the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway were markedly decreased as a result of the Shugan-Jianpi recipe. Conclusions: The Shugan-Jianpi recipe could attenuate NAFLD progression, and its mechanism may be related to the suppression of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Gengnianchun Recipe Protects Ovarian Reserve of Rats Treated by 4-Vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide via the AKT Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fangui Zhao ◽  
Wenjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Menopausal Syndrome ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide ◽  
Sd Rats

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) refers to a decrease in the number and quality of oocytes. Western treatment of DOR does not improve the ovarian reserve fundamentally, and the effect is limited. Gengnianchun recipe (GNC) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula originally applied to treat menopausal syndrome but is also found to be effective in treating clinical DOR patients. Here we aim to examine the effect of GNC in a DOR rat model induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), a chemical that selectively destroys ovarian small preantral follicles, and further investigate the possible mechanisms. Female SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (C), model group (M), high-dose GNC group (H), and low-dose GNC group (L). Rats in M, H, and L were administered with VCD and normal saline, high-dose GNC, and low-dose GNC separately. Rat ovaries were harvested either to conduct HE staining for follicle count, immunohistochemistry, or western blot. We found that high dose of GNC significantly increased the ovarian index and sustained the number of primordial follicles and primary follicles in VCD treated rats. Moreover, high dose of GNC significantly increased the ovarian protein expression of mouse vasa homologue (MVH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) compared with that in the model group. Besides, high-dose GNC significantly increased ovarian AKT phosphorylation and the expression of downstream forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a). Proapoptosis proteins of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) were significantly decreased after high-dose GNC treatment compared with those in the model group. Taken together, these findings suggest that high-dose GNC could protect ovarian reserve against VCD-induced toxicity via the activation of the AKT signaling pathway and reduced cell apoptosis in SD Rats. This effect could either be induced by the increased FSHR signaling or by the nontranscriptional activation of ERβ, which requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Guyanxiao formula antagonizes LPS-induced KOA chondrocyte injury by regulating the SDF-1 / CXCR4 signaling pathway1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Zheng Shu-guang ◽  
Wang Bao-juan ◽  
Wang Lin ◽  
Li Tian-yang
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Cxcr4 Signaling

Abstract Background To determine whether Guyanxiao formula protects chondrocytes in a model of knee arthritis induced by lipopolysaccharide, and whether it can repair chondrocyte damage and suppress osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration by regulating SDF-1 / CXCR4 signaling pathway.Methods Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induces chondrocytes in vitro to prepare knee osteoarthritis model. Toluidine blue (TBS) staining was used to observe the changes of proteoglycan content of rabbit chondrocytes in order to identify the source of cells. The biochemical detection method was used to determine the content of inflammatory factor nitric oxide (NO) in chondrocytes to identify whether the osteoarthritis chondrocytes were successfully modeled in vitro.The cell proliferation rate was measured by the cell viability test (CCK-8), the concentration with no obvious cytotoxicity was screened, and the low, medium and high dose groups of Guyanxiao formula were established.Immunofluorescence(IF) staining was used to observe the effect of Guyanxiao formula on the content of type Ⅱ collagen in chondrocytes of knee osteoarthritis.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out to determine the expression of inflammatory factors MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13. The mRNA and protein expressions of SDF-1, CXCR4, Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.Results The identify of chondrocytes was confirmed with toluidine blue staining. LPS treatment remarkably increased the NO content, indicating successful noodling of the KOA chondrocyte model. According to the CCK-8 experiment results, 0.36, 3.6, and 36 µg / mL were set as the low, medium, and high dose administration concentrations of ostitis.Immunofluorescence(IF) staining showed that the degree of type Ⅱ collagen damage in each treatment group was improved compared with the model group, and the high concentration group was the most obvious improvement in the Guyanxiao formula treatment group.The levels of MMP-3,MMP-9, MMP-13, and IL-1b were much lower in the Cell supernatant of the each treatment group than in that of model group.The levels of SDF-1, CXCR4, VEGF mRNA and protein were much lower in the Chondrocytes of the each treatment group than in that of model group. In addition, the therapeutic effect of Guyanxiao formula treatment group decreased in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion Guyanxiao formula antagonizes LPS-induced KOA chondrocyte injury by regulating the SDF-1 / CXCR4 signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Research on the Effects of the Extract of Polygala fallax Hemsl on Sex Hormones and ?-EP in Perimenopausal Rat Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Yang ◽  
Zhiyong Cao ◽  
Jiabao Chen ◽  
Gang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Rat Models

Objective: To study the effects of the ethnic medicine Polygala fallax Hemsl with Guangxi characteristics on the sex hormones and ?-EP in research objective perimenopausal rat models. Methods: 40 female SPF rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including the normal, model, high-dose and low-dose groups. Rats of three groups except for the normal one were treated with perimenopausal modelling through the method of subcutaneous injection of compound 4-VCD for 15 consecutive days. Rats of the normal and model group were normally fed without any treatment. Rats of the high-dose and low-dose groups were administered by high- and low-dose intragastric administration of the extract of Polygala fallax Hemsl. According to the menstrual cycle of the vaginal smear of the rat, each menstrual cycle is a course of treatment and 6 consecutive courses of treatment would be given. The indexes of serum sex hormones (E2, FSH, LH) and ?-EP of rats in each group were observed after treatment. Results: After the treatment of 6 cycles, for the levels of ?-EP and E2, the model group was lowest (P<0.05), the normal group was highest (P<0.05); and the high-dose group was higher than the low-dose group; For the levels of FSH and LH, the normal group was lowest (P<0.05), the model group was highest (P<0.05), and the high-dose group was lower than the low-dose group. Conclusion: Guangxi characteristic national medicine Polygala fallax Hemsl can effectively improve the levels of serum sex hormones and ?-EP in perimenopausal rat models and relieve the related symptoms with a certain dose-effect relationship.

Enhancement of Thrombolysis In Vivo Without Skin and Soft Tissue Damage by Transcutaneous Ultrasound

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai Luo ◽  
Yochai Birnbaum ◽  
Michael C. Fishbein ◽  
Thomas M. Peterson ◽  
Tomoo Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Soft Tissue Damage

The perils of dressings: a cautionary tale of ischaemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-422
Author(s):  
Alexandra Khoury ◽  
Kirsten Taylor ◽  
Tania Cubison
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Soft Tissue Damage ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Learning Skill

A cohort of patients presented to Queen Victoria Hospital, UK, with iatrogenic toe ischaemia following application of a different, newly available post-procedure dressing with different properties to those usually used. This resulted in ischaemia with extensive skin and soft tissue damage, requiring debridement surgery and, in some cases, skin grafting. We aim to highlight the risk of morbidity from dressing application to the digits. This is a key learning skill for anyone who may either perform dressings or evaluate dressings on digits in the community and across multiple specialties in hospital. This article follows a thorough root cause analysis and addresses other possible causes of an acutely painful erythematous toe post-Zadek's procedure.

200 A Scoring System for Equine Dental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
Jesse Fenton ◽  
Mary Beth Gordon ◽  
Erin B Perry ◽  
Zach Dombek ◽  
Micheal Jerina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Soft Tissue Damage ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Dental Abnormalities ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Chewing Ability

Abstract Scoring systems have been implemented in veterinary practice to indicate the severity of pathologies, such as lameness and gastric ulceration. The need for a scoring system of equine dentition in relation to digestive health has been identified. A scoring system would allow veterinarians, owners, and researchers to more accurately assess dental health and the resulting impact it may have on chewing ability. A proposed system, the Equine Dental Scoring System (EDSS), was developed via collaboration of a team of veterinarians and equine nutritionists familiar with equine dental abnormalities. The EDSS was designed to assign higher scores corresponding to increasing severity of dental abnormalities that would impede proper chewing. The proposed scoring system ranges from 0 to 5 as follows: 0) no sharp enamel points, soft tissue damage, or malocclusion, (1) sharp enamel points, but no soft tissue damage or malocclusion, (2) sharp enamel points and soft tissue damage, but no malocclusion, (3) mild malocclusion with all aligned teeth meeting level (ex. ramps, hooks), (4) moderate malocclusion with all teeth meeting but not level (ex. wave, smile, diagonal, frown), (5) major malocclusion with one or more teeth not meeting or inhibited temporomandibular joint movement (ex. step, shear, retained cap), and/or infection, and/or pain while chewing. The EDSS was validated by assessing agreement via the Cohen’s kappa statistic between four trained professionals scoring ten images of horse dentition. Both the weighted (к = 0.62) and unweighted (к = 0.73) kappa statistics indicated substantial agreement between scorers, signifying reliable repeatability of the EDSS. Presenting dental health in the form of a score would indicate severity of dental pathologies and allow for quantitative and statistical evaluation of dental health in nutrition research and veterinary medicine.

Diuretic activities of fayiren and coix seed in normal rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Hong ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Weiqi Liu ◽  
Longxue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Total Output ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Coix Seed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background Coix seed is a traditional Chinese medicine with pharmacological effects and food efficacy. It is well-know and widely used in China and other Asian countries. Fayiren is a new artillery material processed from Coix Seed. This is the first study of the diuretic activities of Fayiren and coix seed in normal rats. Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (8 rats/group) according to body mass and urine volume stratification, namely model (physiological saline) group, positive control (furosemide 20 mg/kg) group, coix seed (1666 mg/kg) group, low-dose of Fayiren group (166 mg/kg) and high-dose Fayiren group (1666 mg/kg). Rats were fasted for 16 h before the experiment, with normal water supply. Immediately after administration, each group of rat was placed in a metabolic cage, and urine was collected once after every hour for a total of 6 times. The urine volume at each time point for collection was measured, and then totaled. After the 6 h recording procedure, the treatments were administered once a day and the urine was collected at the 24th, 48th, 72th, 96th, 110th, 134th, and 158th hours from the start respectively. The urine pH and Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Cl - concentrations at each time point of each group of rats were measured. The contents of ALD, ANP, ADH, Na+-K+-ATPase, the gene expression and protein levels of AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3 in urine of rats in each group were determined. SPSS22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the experimental data. One way ANOVA and multiple comparisons between LSD groups were performed. The difference is considered significant When p < 0.05 or p < 0.01. Results After the administration of Fayiren and coix seed, compared with normal rats, the total output of urine in the high-dose coix seed & Fayiren group and the positive control group both increased; In addition, the contents of Na+ and Cl-in urine in these groups increased as well. However, the content of K+ did not increase in all groups. Contents of ALD and ADH was decreased and increased contents of ANP observed in urine in both high-dose and low-dose Fayiren groups with significant differences from model group (P < 0.05). Coix seed significantly reduced ADH and increased ANP levels compared with model group (P < 0.05). There was no obvious change in the urine pH content in urine of all rats. All the aquaporin (AQP1, AQP2, and AQP3) contents were decreased comparing to the model group, the coix seed group, as well as the Fayiren group. The effect of coix seed was particularly notable on AQP2, and the difference was significant against the Furosemide group (P < 0.05). By contrast, Fayiren showed greater effects on AQP1 and AQP3, with statistically significant difference comparing to the model group (P༜0.05). Conclusions This study will provide experimental evidence for explaining the different mechanisms of diuretic effects in natural medicine use of coix seed and artillery material processed from Coix Seed. The Fayiren may affect the reabsorption of water in the kidney through mechanisms related to increased ANP secretion,decreased ALD and ADH secretion in urine, and it significantly affect the expression of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3. However, coix seed may increase ANP but decreased ADH secretion, further affecting the expression of aquaporin2 and exert diuretic effect.

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