scholarly journals A Technoeconomic Feasibility Analysis for Affordable Energy System in the East African Community Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Samuel Bimenyimana ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Godwin Norense Osarumwense Asemota ◽  
Aphrodis Nduwamungu ◽  
Cicilia Kemunto Mesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Community ◽  
African Community ◽  
Electricity Access ◽  
Daily Load

Access to energy is among the key pillars to socioeconomic and improved life style. The East African Community (EAC) countries, also members of sub-Saharan Africa, are among countries with enough energy resources but still struggling with low electricity access, and the lower proportion of citizens with electricity access challenges such as expensive tariff, frequent blackouts, and unreliable service still persists. Diesel technology is among the easy and fast installation technologies for a location with an urgent need of electricity while solar is a clean technology with free fuel. Considering the diversity of electricity tariffs, cost of diesel fuel, and suitability to solar energy exploitation in EAC, this paper intends to provide a technoeconomic analysis for reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy system in the region. A daily load of 94.44 kWh recorded from averaging electricity bills of a luxury house in Kigali, Rwanda, is used as research object, and HOMER simulations are carried on considering the level of such daily load being supplied by either (a) diesel generator, (b) solar + diesel technology, (c) PV + battery storage, or (d) PV + battery   storage + grid system in each member country of the EAC. The results show that (a) solar energy is a feasible and applicable technology for energy generation for the whole six EAC countries; (b) for South Sudan, if it is a standalone system, the diesel technology is less costly than solar technology; however, solar energy can still be recommended to be adopted as it has no gas emissions; (c) except South Sudan, PV + battery storage technology is found to be more affordable and cleaner than any technology including diesel; and (d) the option of connecting PV + battery storage to the grid is found more economical for locations where grid interaction is possible because their levelized electricity costs (LCOE) are lower than the real electricity tariffs currently in use within each of the six EAC countries. The solar energy system with battery storage (both off-grid and grid connected) proposed in this research can lead to an efficient increase of national energy resource exploitation in the EAC countries, resulting in reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy access to all the citizenry of the EAC.

scholarly journals Fighting non-communicable diseases in East Africa: assessing progress and identifying the next steps

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e003325
Author(s):  
Christian Kraef ◽  
Pamela A Juma ◽  
Joseph Mucumbitsi ◽  
Kaushik Ramaiya ◽  
Francois Ndikumwenayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
The Status ◽  
African Community ◽  
Sub Saharan

Sub-Saharan Africa has seen a rapid increase in non-communicable disease (NCD) burden over the last decades. The East African Community (EAC) comprises Burundi, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, South Sudan and Uganda, with a population of 177 million. In those countries, 40% of deaths in 2015 were attributable to NCDs. We review the status of the NCD response in the countries of the EAC based on the available monitoring tools, the WHO NCD progress monitors in 2017 and 2020 and the East African NCD Alliance benchmark survey in 2017. In the EAC, modest progress in governance, prevention of risk factors, monitoring, surveillance and evaluation of health systems can be observed. Many policies exist on paper, implementation and healthcare are weak and there are large regional and subnational differences. Enhanced efforts by regional and national policy-makers, non-governmental organisations and other stakeholders are needed to ensure future NCD policies and implementation improvements.

East African Community: Demographics and Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
D. V. Kuzmin ◽  
D. V. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
East African ◽  
Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
African Community ◽  
Sub Saharan

Regional economic integration in East Africa, as in sub-Saharan Africa as a whole, remains an urgent task for States. It also arouses the interest of researchers for its features. The basis of regional economic integration in the associations of Africa in the XXI century is a stable macroeconomic dynamics, since the author proceeds from the fact that in the conditions of economic recovery, integration processes in the region are intensified. At the same time, the author believes that the socioeconomic problems common to the countries of Africa or its individual regions can also serve as a basis for the activation of integration processes.

scholarly journals The East African Community (EAC) mobile laboratory networks in Kenya, Burundi, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, and South Sudan—from project implementation to outbreak response against Dengue, Ebola, COVID-19, and epidemic-prone diseases

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Affara ◽  
Hakim Idris Lagu ◽  
Emmanuel Achol ◽  
Richard Karamagi ◽  
Neema Omari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Sudan ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
German Development ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
African Community

Abstract Background East Africa is home to 170 million people and prone to frequent outbreaks of viral haemorrhagic fevers and various bacterial diseases. A major challenge is that epidemics mostly happen in remote areas, where infrastructure for Biosecurity Level (BSL) 3/4 laboratory capacity is not available. As samples have to be transported from the outbreak area to the National Public Health Laboratories (NPHL) in the capitals or even flown to international reference centres, diagnosis is significantly delayed and epidemics emerge. Main text The East African Community (EAC), an intergovernmental body of Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and South Sudan, received 10 million € funding from the German Development Bank (KfW) to establish BSL3/4 capacity in the region. Between 2017 and 2020, the EAC in collaboration with the Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine (Germany) and the Partner Countries’ Ministries of Health and their respective NPHLs, established a regional network of nine mobile BSL3/4 laboratories. These rapidly deployable laboratories allowed the region to reduce sample turn-around-time (from days to an average of 8h) at the centre of the outbreak and rapidly respond to epidemics. In the present article, the approach for implementing such a regional project is outlined and five major aspects (including recommendations) are described: (i) the overall project coordination activities through the EAC Secretariat and the Partner States, (ii) procurement of equipment, (iii) the established laboratory setup and diagnostic panels, (iv) regional training activities and capacity building of various stakeholders and (v) completed and ongoing field missions. The latter includes an EAC/WHO field simulation exercise that was conducted on the border between Tanzania and Kenya in June 2019, the support in molecular diagnosis during the Tanzanian Dengue outbreak in 2019, the participation in the Ugandan National Ebola response activities in Kisoro district along the Uganda/DRC border in Oct/Nov 2019 and the deployments of the laboratories to assist in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics throughout the region since early 2020. Conclusions The established EAC mobile laboratory network allows accurate and timely diagnosis of BSL3/4 pathogens in all East African countries, important for individual patient management and to effectively contain the spread of epidemic-prone diseases.

Unmaking of a Customs Union: Regional (Dis)integration in the East African Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jakob Rauschendorfer ◽  
Anna Twum
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
East African ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Country Level ◽  
African Community ◽  
The Common

Abstract The Common External Tariff (CET) of the East African Community (EAC) customs union has long been considered the cornerstone of the most successful example of regional integration in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we assess the implementation of the EAC-CET using a novel dataset of country- and firm-level deviations from the common tariff regime constructed by digitizing information in gazettes published by the Secretariat of the EAC between 2009 and 2019. Employing these data, we present five patterns on EAC tariff policy: (i) increased usage of country-level deviations from the common tariff regime render the EAC-CET less and less ‘common’; (ii) Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda predominantly use unilateral deviations to increase external protection while Rwanda mostly decreases tariffs; (iii) Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda increase tariffs for the same classes of products, but target different industries; (iv) unilateral tariff reductions at the country level are mostly used to facilitate access to inputs; (v) data on firm-level exemptions suggest that private sector development in the EAC would benefit from lower tariffs on intermediate inputs. Our findings demonstrate an incipient but clear trend in the EAC away from a communal tariff regime and towards national and more protectionist trade policies.

scholarly journals A nők és a földkérdés a Kelet-afrikai Közösség tagállamaiban

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2.) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Judit Bagi
Keyword(s):  
South Sudan ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
East African ◽  
Member States ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Regional Comparison ◽  
African Community ◽  
Land Inheritance ◽  
The Way

In this paper I am introducing the change in women’s rights regarding land inheritance and the way it has impacted society in the member states of the East African Community. Besides presenting the results achieved, I am highlighting its inadequacies and the challenges yet to solve as well. Some interviews have aided my research, which I have conducted recently about the East African land inheritance situation with international Africa experts, and with the representative of the Rwandan Gender Monitoring Office in 2016. I am focusing on Rwanda, but also mentioning Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania, and South Sudan due to the regional comparison of the relevant laws affecting land ownership and inheritance.

Regional Arrangements

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-156
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Fox ◽  
Mor Bakhoum
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
African Community ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa

This chapter studies regional coordination in sub-Saharan Africa. Regional arrangements occupy a significant part of African competition policy. The most integrative form of arrangement is a common market, wherein member states tear down trade barriers between and among them, create supranational authorities to oversee trade and competition, and even create monetary unions. The chapter then discusses selected regional groups; namely, the Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the East African Community (EAC), the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

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