scholarly journals Diarrhea due to SARS-CoV-2-Related Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Harish K. Patel ◽  
Jasbir Makker ◽  
Ahemd Alemam ◽  
Sridhar Chilimuri
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Pancreatic Injury ◽  
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Fecal Analysis ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Gastrointestinal symptoms, especially diarrhea, are common with novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors are heavily expressed in enterocytes and serve as entry receptors for SARS-CoV-2. ACE-2 receptors may also be responsible for pancreatic injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Diarrhea associated with SARS-CoV-2 is usually believed to be due to viral invasion of enterocytes. However, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency resulting from SARS-CoV-2 is another plausible mechanism leading to diarrhea in such patients. We present a case series of three SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with predominant respiratory symptoms at presentation who developed diarrhea, and further fecal analysis revealed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency as the underlying mechanism.

scholarly journals Pediatric COVID-19 and the Factors That May Mitigate Its Clinical Course

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e137-e140
Author(s):  
Mosaad Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Nada M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Dina M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Noha Azab
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Radiographic Data

AbstractThe clinical manifestations of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vary from mild flu-like symptoms to severe fatal pneumonia. However, children with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic or may have mild clinical symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 and to search for the factors that may mitigate the disease course. We reviewed the literature to realize the clinical features, laboratory, and radiographic data that may be diagnostic for COVID-19 among children. Also, we studied the factors that may affect the clinical course of the disease. Fever, dry cough, and fatigue are the main symptoms of pediatric COVID-19, sometimes flu-like symptoms and/or gastrointestinal symptoms may be present. Although some infected children may be asymptomatic, a recent unusual hyperinflammatory reaction with overlapping features of Kawasaki's disease and toxic shock syndrome in pediatric COVID-19 has been occasionally reported. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronvirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid testing is the corner-stone method for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Lymphocyte count and other inflammatory markers are not essentially diagnostic; however, chest computed tomography is highly specific. Factors that may mitigate the severity of pediatric COVID-19 are home confinement with limited children activity, trained immunity caused by compulsory vaccination, the response of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in children is not the same as in adults, and that children are less likely to have comorbidities. As infected children may be asymptomatic or may have only mild respiratory and/or gastrointestinal symptoms that might be missed, all children for families who have a member diagnosed with COVID-19 should be investigated.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Pancrelipase (Ultrase MT20) in the Treatment of Malabsorption in Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Cystic Fibrosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Konstan ◽  
Theodore G. Liou ◽  
Steven D. Strausbaugh ◽  
Richard Ahrens ◽  
Jamshed F. Kanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
New Formulation

Background. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is the standard of care for treatment of malabsorption in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (PI).Aim. To evaluate efficacy and safety of a new formulation of pancrelipase (Ultrase MT20) in patients with CF and PI. Coefficients of fat absorption (CFA%) and nitrogen absorption (CNA%) were the main efficacy parameters. Safety was evaluated by monitoring laboratory analyses, adverse events (AEs), and overall signs and symptoms.Methods. Patients (n=31) were randomized in a crossover design comparing this pancrelipase with placebo during 2 inpatient evaluation periods (6-7 days each). Fat and protein/nitrogen ingestion and excretion were measured from food diaries and 72-hour stool collections. CFA% and CNA% were calculated for each period and compared.Results. Twenty-four patients provided analyzable data. This pancrelipase increased mean CFA% and CNA% (+34.7% and +25.7%, resp.,P<.0001for both), reduced stool frequency, and improved stool consistency compared with placebo. Placebo-treated patients reported more AEs, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most frequently reported AE.Conclusions. This pancrelipase is a safe and effective treatment for malabsorption associated with exocrine PI in patients with CF.

scholarly journals Emergence of the first manic episode in recovered COVID-19 patients: A case series from Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayam M. Elgohary ◽  
Mohammad G. Sehlo ◽  
Usama M. Youssef ◽  
Mohamed Abdelghani
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Objective In December 2019, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was first reported in Wuhan city, China, which had rapidly spread as a global pandemic. This infection was commonly presented by respiratory and /or gastrointestinal symptoms. However, it is still unclear whether COVID-19 infection could be associated with central nervous system (CNS) damage which would result in development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Method A total of five cases of suddenly emerged manic episodes during the pandemic of COVID-19 were extensively described. We presented the symptoms and described the diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of each case. Results All patients had positive findings of ribonucleic acid (RNA) tests for COVID-19 in specimens of their sputum. The patients later developed manic symptoms during and after the recovering period of their illness. Conclusions The case series of newly emerged manic symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection highlights the essential need for evaluation of mental health status and would contribute to our understanding of the potential risk of CNS affection by COVID-19 infection. The limited number of cases would limit the generalizability of association. Future research should investigate the behavioral changes accompanying and following COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal symptoms in the course of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
Grzegorz K. Jakubiak ◽  
Józefina Ochab-Jakubiak ◽  
Grzegorz Cieślar ◽  
Agata Stanek
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Current State ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
First Time

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a betacoronavirus comprised of single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA), the first time reported in December 2019 as pneumonia with unknown etiology in Wuhan City in China. It is a very important current problem for public health worldwide. A typical clinical course includes dyspnoea, dry cough and fever. In the presented paper we conducted the literature review and described the most important facts within the current state of knowledge about symptomatology and pathophysiology of gastrointestinal dysfunction in the course of COVID-19. Data about prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the course of COVID-19 show wide divergence in the cited literature. Generally, the most common reported digestive symptoms were loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Liver injury in the course of COVID-19 is also an important and not well understood problem. The virus has high affinity to cells containing angiotensin- -converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein. Digestive symptoms of COVID-19 may be associated with ACE2 expression in epithelial cells in upper oesophagus, ileum and colon. Previous scientific reports have elucidated the role of ACE2 in modulating intestinal inflammation and diarrhoea.

Fatty Pancreas as a Reversible Cause of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: A Case Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S738
Author(s):  
Dustin Kiker ◽  
Alexander Pieper ◽  
Chris Fourment ◽  
Timothy E. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Fatty Pancreas

Frequency of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in 1105 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms

Pancreatology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. S74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Hedström ◽  
Stephan.L. Haas ◽  
Bo Berger ◽  
Jörgen Carlsson ◽  
J.-Matthias Löhr
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Symptoms—A Case Report

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Alistair J. Mackett ◽  
Victoria L. Keevil
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Older People ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
High Index ◽  
Uncommon Presentation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

COVID-19, a new illness secondary to a novel Coronavirus emerged in December 2019 in China. Our early understanding of the clinical features of COVID-19 has been based on case series emerging from the first outbreak in Wuhan. These features included fever, a dry cough, myalgia and dyspnea. Gastrointestinal symptoms were rarely reported as a key feature. We present a case report of a 74-year-old male who presented with symptoms of gastroenteritis and subsequently tested positive for COVID-19. This article aims to highlight an uncommon presentation of COVID-19 and that a high index of suspicion is required for COVID-19 in older people given their greater likelihood of presenting atypically.

Chronic Pancreatitis Possibly Caused by Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dossing ◽  
O. Jacobsen ◽  
S.N. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Pancreatic Injury ◽  
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
House Painter

1 Acute pancreatic injury has been attributed to occupational exposure to chemical agents in workers, but there have been no previous reports of occupationally induced chronic pancreatitis. 2 Severe chronic exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in a 29-year-old house painter, where other known causes of chronic pancreatitis could be ruled out. The patient had previously experienced abdominal pain and diarrhoea associated with exposure to spray paints followed by remission of the symptoms during vacations. 3 Although the association between exposure and pancreatic insufficiency may be a random one, a possible causal relation should be further evaluated.

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