scholarly journals A Novel Method for Constructing Main-Aftershock Sequences and Its Application in the Global Damage Accumulation Effects Analysis of Gravity Dams

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Liaojun Zhang ◽  
Yafei Zhai ◽  
Binghui Cui ◽  
Yujie Tang ◽  
Zhonghui Bi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Damage Evolution ◽  
Main Shock ◽  
Gravity Dam ◽  
Shock Acceleration ◽  
Rock Foundation ◽  
Dam Foundation ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Aftershock Sequences ◽  
Dynamic Damage

The traditional linear elastic and Drucker–Prager (DP) models cannot truly reflect the strong nonlinear characteristics of the concrete and rock foundation of the dam under earthquake. Therefore, for comprehensive evaluation of the cumulative damage of the gravity dam structure caused by aftershock, the dynamic damage of the dam body concrete is analyzed by many scholars through the plastic damage mechanics method, but there is little research on rock material at the dam foundation with the method utilized; thus, the simulation of the whole dynamic damage evolution is worthy of investigation of the dam body and dam foundation. According to the randomness of ground motion, the transcendental probability (P) is introduced to express the statistical characteristics of aftershock intensity, and a new method for constructing main-aftershock sequences of ground motion is proposed in this paper. And then, the law of the damage evolution and energy characteristics of the concrete gravity dam under the combined action of the main shock and aftershock sequences is studied. The results are shown as follows: the smaller aftershocks do not cause further damage to the dam; as the aftershock intensity increases, the energy characteristics of the dam body and foundation have shown different changing rules; when the ratio of peak aftershock acceleration to peak main shock acceleration (∇PGA) approximately equals 0.68, the aftershock will cause larger secondary damage to the dam.

scholarly journals Evolution law of overall damage of concrete gravity dam under near-fault ground motion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Zhai ◽  
Liaojun Zhang ◽  
Hanyun Zhang ◽  
Tianxiao Ma ◽  
Binghui Cui
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Gravity Dam ◽  
Gravity Dams ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Concrete Gravity Dams ◽  
Fling Step ◽  
Ground Motion Records ◽  
Near Fault Ground Motion ◽  
Dynamic Damage

Abstract Strong earthquake cases of concrete gravity dams show that the foundation damage has an important influence on the seismic response and damage characteristics of the dam body. Compared with non-pulse ground motions, pulse-like near-fault ground motions have a wider response spectrum sensitive zone, which will cause more modes of the structure to respond, resulting in more serious damage to the structure. In order to study the real dynamic damage characteristics of concrete gravity dams under the action of near-fault ground motions, this paper takes Koyna gravity dam as the object and establishes a multi-coupling simulation model that can reasonably reflect the dynamic damage evolution process of dam concrete and foundation rock mass. A total of 12 near-fault ground motion records with three types of rupture directivity pulse, fling-step pulse and non-pulse are selected, deep research on the overall damage evolution law of concrete gravity dams. Considering the additional influence of different earthquake mechanisms, different site types and other factors on the study, the selected ground motion records are from the same seismic events (Chi-Chi), the same direction but different stations. The results show that the foundation of the concretes gravity dam often get damaged before the dam body under the action of strong earthquakes. Compared with the near-fault non-pulse ground motion, the structural damage of the gravity dam under the action of the near-fault directivity pulse ground motion is significantly increased, and causes greater damage and displacement response to the dam body. The near-fault fling-step pulse ground motion has the least impact on the dynamic response of the gravity dam structure.

scholarly journals Influences on the Seismic Response of the Gravity Dam-Foundation-Reservoir System with Different Boundary and Input Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Denghong Chen ◽  
Chunping Hou ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Hydrodynamic Pressure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gravity Dam ◽  
Rock Foundation ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Dam Foundation ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Viscous Boundary

Dynamic dam-foundation interaction is great important in the design and safety assessment of the dam structures. Two classic boundary conditions, i.e., the viscous-spring boundary and the viscous boundary, are employed to consider the radiation damping of the unbounded rock foundation. The input models of seismic excitation of the viscous-spring boundary and the viscous boundary are derived. The accuracy of the two boundary conditions in the dynamic analysis of the dam foundation is verified through the foundation analysis using an impulsive load. The influences of two boundary conditions and their earthquake input models on the seismic analysis of the Pine Flat and Jin’anqiao gravity dam-foundation-reservoir systems are then investigated. The results of displacements, hydrodynamic pressure, and principal stresses show that the agreement between the results of the viscous-spring boundary and viscous boundary is good. The relative errors of the two models in the Pine Flat and Jin’anqiao gravity dams are both less than 5%. They are both acceptable from an engineering point of view.

The Borah Peak, Idaho Earthquake of October 28, 1983—Strong Ground Motion

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzette M. Jackson ◽  
John Boatwright
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Main Shock ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Shock Acceleration ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Vertical Accelerations

The 1983 Borah Peak, Idaho Earthquake was the largest normal faulting event to occur in the last 20 years. There were no near-field recordings of ground motion during the main shock, however, thirteen accelerographs in a permanent array at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) recorded the event at epicentral distances of 90-110 km. Peak horizontal accelerations, or PGA, recorded at accelerographs above ground-floor level range from 0.037 to 0.187 g. Accelerographs at basement and free-field sites recorded as low as 0.022 g and as high as 0.078 g. Peak vertical accelerations range from 0.016 g at ground level to 0.059 g above ground-floor level. A temporary array of digital seismographs deployed by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the epicentral area recorded ground motion from six large aftershocks at epicentral distances of 4-45 km; the largest of these aftershocks also triggered four accelerographs in the INEL array. This paper presents our estimates of near-field ground motion derived from two separate analyses. The first analysis uses the attenuation of the aftershock PGA measurements to extrapolate the INEL main shock PGA measurements into the near-field. This estimates an upper limit of 0.8 g for near-field ground motion. In the second analysis, a set of main shock accelerograms were synthesized. Wave propagation effects were determined from aftershock recordings at one of the USGS portable stations and an INEL seismograph station. These effects were removed from one of the INEL main shock acceleration traces. The synthetic accelerograms were derived for a hypothetical station southwest of Mackay, Idaho. The PGA measured from the synthetic accelerograms were 0.08, 0.14, 0.15, 0.23 g. These estimates correlate well with ground motion expected for an area of intensity VII.

scholarly journals Seismic Damage Accumulation in Highway Bridges in Earthquake-Prone Regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayadipta Ghosh ◽  
Jamie E. Padgett ◽  
Mauricio Sánchez-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Damage Accumulation ◽  
Main Shock ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Main Shocks ◽  
Aftershock Sequences

Civil infrastructures, such as highway bridges, located in seismically active regions are often subjected to multiple earthquakes, including multiple main shocks during their service life or main shock–aftershock sequences. Repeated seismic events result in reduced structural capacity and may lead to bridge collapse, causing disruption in the normal functioning of transportation networks. This study proposes a framework to predict damage accumulation in structures subjected to multiple shock scenarios after developing damage index prediction models and accounting for the probabilistic nature of the hazard. The versatility of the proposed framework is demonstrated on a case-study highway bridge located in California for two distinct hazard scenarios: (1) multiple main shocks during the service life and (2) multiple aftershock earthquake occurrences following a single main shock. Results reveal that in both cases there is a significant increase in damage index exceedance probabilities due to repeated shocks within the time window of interest.

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